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What is Composites?
Combination of 2 or more materials
Each of the materials must exist more than
5%
Presence of interphase
The properties shown by the composite
materials are differed from the initial
materials
Can be produced by various processing
techniques
Constituents of composite materials
. Matrix phase
ontinuous phase, the primary phase.
t holds the dispersed phase and shares a load with it.
. Interface
one across which matrix and reinforcing phases interact (chemical, physical,
mechanical)
Matrix: Function
Matrices
Ease of processing
Can be recycled
No specific storage
Good fracture modulus
Rubber
Common characteristics;
Large elastic elongation (i.e. 200%)
Can be stretched and then immediately return to
their original length when the load was released
Elastomers are sometimes called rubber or rubbery
materials
The term elastomer is often used interchangeably with
the term rubber
Natural rubber is obtained from latex from Hevea
Brasiliensis tree which consists of 98% poliisoprena
Synthetic rubber is commonly produced from
butadiene, spt styrene-butadiene (SBR) dan nitrile-
butadiene (NBR)
To achieve properties suitable for
structural purposed, most rubbers
have to be vulcanized; the long
chain rubber have to be crosslinked
The crosslinking agent in
vulcanization is commonly sulphur,
and the stiffness and strength
increases with the number of
crosslinks
POLYMER Applicatios
Introduction
Introduction
Most of polymers need to add with specific ingredients to obtain
desirable properties.
Additives were used:
To improved or modify the mechanical, chemical, and physical
properties
To prevent degradation (both during fabrication and in service)
To reduce materials costs
To improve the processability
pigments.
Pigments are filler materials that do not dissolve but
remain as a separate phase;
have a small particle size, are transparent, and have a
refractive index near to that of the parent polymer.
Others may impart opacity as well as color to the polymer.
Flame
Flame retardants
retardants
The flammability of polymeric materials is a major concern,
especially in the manufacture of textiles and children's toys.
DR AZURA A.RASHID
Room 2.19
School of Materials And Mineral Resources Engineering,
Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, P. Pinang
Malaysia
Coating
Coating
Coating are frequently applied to the surface
of materials to serve one or more of the
following function: