ICT for Education

An Overview

Prepared by
Wadi D. Haddad
 Overview

ICTs in Education Dilemmas and Realities

Role and Nature of ICTs in Education
Potential of ICTs
From Potential to Effectiveness
Dilemmas Realities

Analyze Educational
objectives
Determine Objective for ICT
Monolithic
Vendors
Understand Potential of ICTs
Decision Belief
Maker Automatic
Parents
Examine suitability of ICTs
Myths Doubt
Plan program of investment
Computers
Business
Wait prerequisites
Implement
and Techies
Substitute
corequisites
Evaluate and adjust
continuously
Necessity of ICTs

Effective Learning
Globalization of
Economy
Information
Tech Innovations For All
Knowledge-based
Economy
Society
Anytime
Escalating Demand
for Education

Anywhere
ICTs for What Purpose
ICTs for Learning Objectives
Learning Objective Technology
Text Audio Video Computer Internet

Storage or display x x x x x

Exploration x x x x x
Application x x x

Analysis x x

Evaluation x x x x x
Constructing or design of x x x
project
ICTs for What Purpose
ICTs for Teaching Objectives
Teaching Objective Technology

Text Audio Video Computer Internet

Presentation x x x x x

Demonstration x x x x x

Drill and practice x (e.g., x x

Language
lab)
Animation and simulation x x

Research x x x x x

Collaboration/ communication networked x

Management of student learning x x x

ICTs for What Purpose
ICTs and the School
Technologies on Location Technologies at a Distance
Printed matter Correspondence
Slides, transparencies

Scanners

Digital notepads and white boards

Audiotapes Radio
Films and videos TV broadcasts
Digital books Web pages
CDs Web: Internet, intranet
Computer projection Webcast
 Access

Community
Efficiency
Linkages

Potential
Planning & Of
Learning
Management ICTs

Lifelong
Teaching
Learning

Skill Formation
Potential:
1. Expanding Educational Opportunities

Radio Broadcast
Interactive Radio Instruction
Television
Virtual Schools
Virtual Universities
Potential:
2. Increasing Efficiency

Issues Solutions
Dual Shift Systems Broadcast Radio
Multigrade Schools Interactive Radio
Small Urban or Educational TV
Rural Schools Virtual Online
Flexibility in Courses
Learning Schedule
Potential:
3. Enhancing Quality of Learning

Potential Solutions
Motivate and engage learners Radio and TV
Bring life to concepts and processes Multimedia Learning
Foster inquiry Modules
Provide flexibility Virtual Labs
Allow application of information Connecting to the Worlds
Provide access to world of Designing and Creating
information Things
Bring the world into the classroom
Offer collaborative opportunities
and communication
Offer tutored and individualized
learning
Potential:
4. Enhancing Quality of Teaching

Issues Solutions
Difficult Profession Multimedia Training
No One-Shot Training and Support System
Continuum Training Videos
Initial Training Teacher Development
Lifelong Upgrading Portal
Connecting Internet Resources
for Teachers
Potential:
5. Facilitating Skill Formation

New Workplace Realities Solutions

E-Training Simulations
Just-in-Time Competency-based
Convenient Place multi-media
Up-to-Pate Video and Interactive
User-centric media
Workplace Training
Potential:
6. Sustaining Lifelong Learning

Issues Solutions
Workers need to learn Radio and TV
new skills Multimedia Packages
Modern societies demand Online Courses
constant updating
Open Universities
The educated can
become obsolete Third Age Universities
Life-cycle pattern is
changing
Potential:
7. Improving Policy Planning & Management

Management of Institutions and Systems

School: Admissions, student flow, personnel, staff
development, facilities
System: School mapping, personnel payroll, MIS,
communication, information, . . .
Management of Policy Making
Storage and analysis of data
Construction and assessment of policy scenarios
Tracer studies and tracking systems
Potential:
8. Advancing Community Linkages

Growth in ICT Access

Millions
1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Main telephone lines (millions) Mobile cellular subscribers (millions) Personal computers (millions) Internet users (millions)
Potential:
8. Advancing Community Linkages
Telephones, Cellular phones and PCs per 1,000 inhabitants
140

120

100

Telephone subscribers/100 Inhabitants

Cellular subscribers/100 Inhabitants

80
PCs/100 inhabitants

60

40

20

0
Africa America w/o US US and Canada Asia Europe Oceania WORLD
& Canada
Potential:
8. Advancing Community Linkages
Internet hosts and users per 10,000 inhabitants
6000

5000

Internet Hosts/10,000
4000 inhabitants
Internet Users/10,000 inhabitants

3000

2000

1000

0
Africa America w/o US US and Canada Asia Europe Oceania WORLD
& Canada
Potential:
8. Advancing Community Linkages

ICT access varies within countries

Disparities is magnified by gender factor
ICT access contributes to escape from poverty
ICT access for all requires attention to
Infrastructure
Cost
Laws and regulations
Radio Stations and Receivers
Suitcase Radio Station
Crank/Solar
Radio
Crank Radio

Digital
Satellite
Radio
Telecenters
Women-Friendly Telecenters

Within accepted culture; fosters harmony

Women do not have to travel far
Center meets needs of men and women
No childcare problem
Space is roomy and provides privacy
Staff is well integrated
 Potential

Prerequisites
Corequisites

Effectiveness
From Potential to Effectiveness

1. Educational Policy
2. Approach to ICTs
3. Infrastructure
4. ICT-Enhanced Content
5. Committed and Trained Personnel
6. Financial Resources
7. Integration
8. Piloting and Evaluation
Conclusion

X To Tech or not to Tech Education

ICT Education More Effective and
Responsive

ICTs
We do not think anymore of the
spectacle of printing every time we
read a book, the phenomenon of TV
every time we watch a movie, or the
miracle of the telephone every time we
make a call.

The ultimate success of ICTs for

learning will be attained when we stop
marveling about the ICTs and apply our
minds and emotions to the wonders of
learning.
The End
Levels of ICTs for Different Learning
Objectives and Roles of Learners

LEARNING OBJECTIVE
Constructing or
design of
Project

Evaluation
Levels of ICTs
Analysis

Application

Exploration

Storage or Passive ACTIVE

display

LEARNERS ROLE
Levels of ICTs for Different Teaching Uses and
Roles of Teachers

TEACHING OBJECTIVE

Management of
Student Learning
Collaboration/Co
mmunication
Levels of ICTs
Research
Animation/
Simulation
Drill & Practice
Demonstration
Presentation Provider Facilitator

TEACHERS ROLE

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 Infrastructure
Wind Power Generator
Solar Energy

Namibia Schoolnet
Pedal Power Generator

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5. Costing and Budgeting
Total Cost of Ownership
Acquisition - hardware and software
Installation and configuration
Connectivity
Maintenance : 15-20% of initial investment
Supplies: 8-10%
Utilities: 4-8%
Computer training 5-10%
Retrofitting of physical facilities
replacement costs (5-7 years)
31-48%
Additional Costs
Acquisition and creation of content materials
Orientation and training of staff
Testing, evaluation and adjustment

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