Escolar Documentos
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Degradation
P.C. Wall
CIMMYT
Two major types of degradation:
Soil erosion
Fertility decline
120-60-0
Yield (t/ha)
0-0-0
Chemical
Fertility
Physical Biological
Biological
Fertility Fertility
Fertility
100
Cost of
production
Relative Profitability (%)
Profitable
Not Profitable
Chemical
Fertility
S.O.M.
Physical Biological
Fertility Fertility
Time
Effect of Conventional Agriculture on
Water Infiltration Rates (mm/h)
Chemical
Fertility
Physical Biological
Biological
Fertility Fertility
Fertility
Carbon lost as CO2 contributes to
Global Warming
TILLAGE-INDUCED CO2 "FLUSH" AND CURRENT CROP RESIDUE
19 days after tillage
300
TOTAL C LOST IN 19 DAYS (g C/m )
2
249
250
185 g C/m2 from residue
of previous wheat crop
200
150 129.5
106.6 99.8
100
49.9
50
0
2
T
P
P
N
C
M
D
D
P+
M
TILLAGE TYPE
Long Term Study July 14 - October 9, 1998
Cumulative loss after 87 days (avg of 4 reps)
3500
Cumulative CO2 Flux ( g CO2 m-2)
3000
2686.1
2500
2000
1500
1079.2
1000
500
0
NT MP
" A nation that destroys
its soil destroys itself."