BOD- Bacillus calmette-guerin

BCG Live
Anticancer drug,
notably Bladder
cancer
Acts as a super
antigen
 Primary Treatment
metal screens or vertical bars-remove large items
Grit chambers removes sand
primary sedimentation tank (Clarifier-sludge)
sewage is retained for 1-2 hours
reduces the biochemical oxygen demand by 25-40% reduces
fecal coliform levels by 45-55%
sludge at the bottom diverted to an anaerobic digester
biodegradable organics are reduced to carbon dioxide and
methane
solids and grit are generally sent to a sanitary landfill
A secondary sedimentation tank -concentrate solids for
recycle to the bioreactor
 Secondary Treatment
Flow from the primary sedimentation tank,
and sludge sent to bioreactor -biological
consumption of organic material by
microorganisms.
activated sludge process
Activated sludge is able to oxidize
organics within 4-8 hours. 85-90%
reduction suspended solids, and removes
90-99% of the fecal coliforms
 Tertiary Treatment
Chlorination strong oxidizing capacity of
chlorine destroys or inhibits the growth of
pathogens reduces odor and water color,
and oxidizes metal ions.
Ozone reacts readily with unsaturated
organics, and reduces foaming
Ultraviolet radiation may also be used. It
is effective at deactivating pathogens
Biotechnology
Biotechnology and Microbes
Cloning technologies
Bacterial
Eukaryotic
Tissue Cultures
 Steps
Eukaryotic Gene to Prokaryotic Gene to
Prokaryotic Host Eukaryotic Host
Eukaryotes have introns, Barrier how to get gene
bacteria do not. in.
Isolate mRNA Technologies
Reverse Transcriptase
make ds DNA
Clone into Bacteria
 What to clone?
Pharmaceuticals
Growth hormones
Interleukins
Vaccines (tissue culture)
Biodegradation
Foods-Microbes?????
Additives
Bacterial pills
 Biotechnology and Microbes
Cloning technologies
Bacterial
Eukaryotic
Tissue Cultures
Other Novel uses Biotechnology
GMO Lactobacilli

Cheese production

Novel Drug delivery system.

What do you think?

 Novel Pharmaceuticals
Magic Bullets

Gene Therapy

Antisense Viral Drugs

Montana Chainsaw Massacre
Gary Strobel
GMO Pseudomonas
syringe
Dutch Elms Disease
Did not follow U.
Montana or EPA
regulations
Accidental release of a GM virus
Londons Imperial
College
Virus contained
genes from hepatitis
C viruses and
Dengue fever
Will People buy GM products?
The case of
Vegetarian cheese

Franken foods

Ice-minus
Strawberries and
Pseudomonas
Thinking outside of the box-
Sclerophthora macrospora
Crazy Top-Corn
pathogen
Hundreds of little
corn-letts
Potential
biotechnology?