Computer

Application
Topic : IP Address & Domain Name
 Group Members
Roll No. Name
102 Trushal Antala
106 Pravin Chaudhari
116 Akshay Jain
123 Vishal Kanani

Prof. V. B. Shah Institute of Management

 IP address is a numerical label

What is IP assigned to each device

(e.g., computer, printer)

Address ?
participating in a computer
network that uses the Internet
Protocol for communication.
 IP address is same as mobile
no. which is unique.

It is provided to all the devices

which are connected to
internet or network.

It consists 4 byte or 32 bit

decimal number.

IP addresses are managed

by service providers and a
central allocation system.
 IP address assignment:

Internet Protocol addresses are

assigned newly each time, this
is known as using a dynamic IP
address, or permanently by
fixed configuration of its
hardware or software is known
as using a static IP address.
 IPv4 vs. IPv6:

As the Internet and technology evolve, there has been an

increasing demand for IP addresses. To help meet the demand for
IP addresses, there are two types of addresses used today, IPv4
and IPv6. Although you may only deal with an IPv4 address in your
local home, school, or small office you should also be aware of
IPv6 addresses for when you encounter them.
Example of an IPv4 address: 45.79.151.23
Example of an IPv6 address: 2601:681:4200:c5c0:516:f0bb:ac3b:46bd
 CLASSES
IP address
classes:
With an IPv4 IP address,
there are five classes of
available IP ranges: Class
A, Class B, Class C, Class
D and Class E, while only
A, B, and C are commonly
used. Each class allows for
a range of valid IP
addresses, shown in the
following table.
ADDRESS RENGE SUPPORTS
A 1.0.0.1 to
126.255.255.254
Supports 16 million hosts
on each of 127 networks.
B 128.1.0.1 to Supports 65,000 hosts on
191.255.255.254 each of 16,000 networks.
C 192.0.1.1 to
223.255.254.254 Supports 254 hosts on
each of 2 million networks.
D 224.0.0.0 to Reserved
239.255.255.255 for multicast groups.
E 240.0.0.0 to Reserved for future use,
254.255.255.254 or Research and
Development Purposes.
Class A IP Class A IP addresses were
used for networks that had
Address: a large number of hosts on
the network. The class
permitted up to 126
networks by using the first
octet of the address for
the network identification.
it allow up to 126 networks
with 17 million hosts per
network. In a Class A
address, the network
number values start at the
number 1 and end at 127.
Class B IP Class B IP address were
assigned to medium to large
Address: networks. They allow 16,384
networks by using the first
two octets in the address for
the network identification.
This allows approximately
65,000 hosts per network.
Class B network number
values start at 128 and finish
at 191.
 Class C IP addresses were
Class C IP used in small LAN
Address: configurations. They allow
for approximately 2 million
networks by using the first
three octets of the address
for the network
identification.
This allows for 254 hosts per
network. A Class C
network number value
starts at 192 and ends at
223.
 Class D IP Class E IP
Address: Address:
Class D IP addresses were Class E IP addresses are
reserved for multicasting reserved for experimental use.
purposes. These addresses The first octet of these
begin with an octet in the addresses ranges between 240
224-239 range. and 255.
It includes addresses from This range is reserved by the
224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255. IETF and similar to Class D
networks, should not be
assigned to a host device.
 Domain Name System, or DNS, is the
friendly naming system for giving
addresses to web servers and web pages.

What is domain The domain name system gives every

server a memorable and easy-to-spell
address. Simultaneously, the domain
name? names hide the really technical IP address
which most viewers aren't interested in.
Level of The top-level domains (TLDs) such as com, net
and org are the highest level of domain names
domains: of the Internet. Every domain name ends with a
top-level domain label.

Below the top-level domains in the domain name hierarchy are

the second-level domain (SLD) names. These are the names directly to the
left of .com, .net , and the other top-level domains. As an example, in the
domain flipkart.com is the second-level domain.
Next are third-level domains, which are written immediately to the left of a
second-level domain. There can be fourth- and fifth-level domains, and so
on, with virtually no limitation. An example of an operational domain name
with four levels of domain labels is www.flipkart.com

www.flipkart.com www.bbc.co.uk
Third Second top fourth Third+second top
Types of top level domains:

Geographical domain: Non geographical domain:

Domain that falls under this category Domain that falls under this category
are named using 2 character country are named using 3 character that
name which are specified by indicates the functionality of the
ISO(international standard org.) organization.
Example: Example:
.in .com
.pk .edu
.us .org
.uk .gov
How DNS works ?

1.User request to the URL from web browser;

2. web browser send request to local server or
(ISP)(RESOLVER);
3. If the URL is not at the local name
server(resolver) then resolver sent the request
to the Root domain server.
4. The root domain provides the primary/TLD server to
resolver/local name server and then sent resolver to
the server which provide domain name.
5. Finally requested URL gets IP
address and send that IP
address to the web browser.