I .

T GOPESHWAR

VACATIONAL TRANING

ROAD CONSTRUCTION
Presented by Abhishek Negi
CONTENT
INTRODUCTION OF ROAD
CLASSIFICATION OF ROAD
PAVEMENT MATERIAL AND TYPE OF PAVEMENT
CONSTRUCTION OF PAVEMENT
 INTRODUCTION

A road is a thoroughfare, route, or way on land between two places that has
been paved or otherwise improved to allow travel by foot or some form of
conveyance, including a motor vehicle, cart, bicycle, or horse.
Roads consist of one or two carriageways each with one or more lanes and
any associated pavement and road verges.
CLASSIFICATION OF ROAD
BASED ON SPEED AND ACCESSIBILITY
Freeways
Expressways
Highways
Arterials
Local streets
Collectors streets
BASED ON NAGPUR ROAD PL
National highway
State highway
District highway
Major district road
Minor district road
Village road
PAVEMENT MATERIAL

Soil
Aggregate
bitumen
Cutback bitumen
Bitumen emulsion
Tar
Asphalt
CUTBACK:- Cutback Bitumen ( Liquid Bitumen ) is Bitumen that is dissolved in a
solvent . Typical solvents include Naptha, gasoline and kerosene, white spirit etc.
The type of solvent controls the curing time while the amount determines the
viscosity of the Cutback Bitumen.

EMULSION :- Bitumen emulsion is a liquid product in which bitumen is suspended

in a nely divided condition in an aqueous medium and stabilised by suitable
material. Normally cationic type emulsions are used in India. The bitumen content in
the emulsion is around 60% and the remaining is water.

TAR :- Tar is obtained by destructive Distillation of coal.

ASPHALT:- It is a sticky, black, and highlyviscousliquid or semi-solid form

ofpetroleum. It may be found in natural deposits or may be a rened product,
TYPE OF PAVEMENT

FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT
BITUMINOUS MACADAM
WATER BOND MACADAM

RIGID PAVEMENT
CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENT
SUB-GRADE:
THE SUB-GRADE MATERIAL SHOULD BE CLEAN AND FREE FROM ORGANIC MATTER
AND SHOULD BE ABLE TO BE COMPACTED BY ROLLER, TO FORM STABLE SUB-BASE.
THE COMPACTION OF SOIL DONE BY SHEEP FOOTED ROLLER. IN HILLY AREA MAINLY
FOLLOWING TYPE OF SECTION OCCUR.
1. PARTIALLY CUTTING AND PARTIALLY FILLING SECTION.
2. SECTION IN FULLY EMBANKMENT.
3. SECTION IN FULLY CUTTING.
4. SECTION IN PARTIALLY CAVE.
5. SECTION IN FULLY CAVE (TUNNEL).
SUB-BASE COURSE:
It is layer of granular material provided above sub-grade generally natural
gravel. It is usually not provided on sub-grade of good quality.
The materials used may be either unbound granular, or cement-bound. The
quality of sub-base is very important for the useful life of the road and can
outlive the life of the surface, which can be scrapped off and after checking
that the sub-base is still in good condition, a new layer can be applied.
BASE COURSE:
It is the layer immediately under the wearing surface (applied whether the
wearing surface is bituminous or cement concrete and whether its a thick or
thin bituminous layer).
As base course lies close under the pavement surface it is subjected to
severe loading. The material in a base course must be of extremely high
quality and its construction must be done carefully
SURFACE COURSE:
The top layers of pavement which is in direct contact with the wheel of the
vehicle. Usually constructed of material in which bitumen is used as binder
materials.
TYPICAL SECTION OF BITUMINOUS MACADAM
PRIME COAT: Prime coat is an application of low viscous cutback bitumen to an
absorbent surface like granular bases on which binder layer is placed. It provides
bonding between two layers. Unlike tack coat, prime coat penetrates into the
layer below, plugs the voids, and forms a water tight surface.

TACK COAT: Tack coat is a very light application of asphalt, usually asphalt
emulsion diluted with water. It provides proper bonding between two layers of
binder course and must be thin, uniformly cover the entire surface, and set very
fast.

SEAL COAT: Seal coat is a thin surface treatment used to water-proof the surface
and to provide skid resistance.
ROAD MACHINERY

Wheel loader
Excavator
Tipper
Rock driller
Grader
Dragliner
Road roller
Paver
THANK YOU