MICROSTRIP PATCH

ANTENNA DESIGN AND

APPLICATIONS

NAME:C.J.AMARASINGHE
REG.NO:612265044
 INTRODUCTION
In its most basic form, a Microstrip patch
antenna consists of a radiating patch on
one side of a dielectric substrate which has
a ground plane on the other side.
Patch may be variety of shapes, but
rectangular and circular are the most
common.
One of the most useful antenna at
microwave frequencies(f>1GHz)
Invented by Bob Munson in 1972 (but
earlier work by Dechamps goes back
to1953).
 ADVANTAGES

Light weight and low volume.

Low profile planar configuration which can be easily made
conformal to host surface.
Ease of manufacturing.
Very low fabrication cost, hence can be manufactured in large
quantities.
Efficient radiators.
 DISADVANTAGES

Narrow bandwidth.
Low efficiency.
Low Gain.
Extraneous radiation from feeds and junctions.
Low power handling capacity.
Surface wave excitation.
BASIC PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

The patch acts approximately as a resonant cavity (short circuit

walls on top and bottom, open-circuit walls on the sides).
In a cavity, only certain modes are allowed to exist, at different
resonant frequencies.
If the antenna is excited at a resonant frequency, a strong field
is set up inside the cavity, and a strong current on the (bottom)
surface of the patch. This produces significant radiation (a good
antenna)
MPA DESIGN
HOW IT DESIGNED AS LOW PROFILE
ANTENNA
One way of realizing a low-profile antenna design is to use a high
impedance ground plane in place of the conventional metallic
ground plane.
Conductive surfaces are useful as reflectors, but they reverse the
phase reflected waves and provide shielding to the antennas.
To overcome this effect, antennas are to be placed at a height of
quarter wavelength above the metallic ground plane making the size
of the antenna bulky at low frequencies.
CONTINUE..

This new surface has the following two important

properties:
It prevents the propagation of electric currents along the metal
surface
It reflects in-phase, rather than out-of-phase.
COMMON SHAPES
 DESIGN TYPES FOR DIFFERENT TASKS
Multiband perturbed FSS structures (Dual and Triple band)

(a) Dual Band (b) Triple Band

Fractal FSS elements

(c) Tripole (d) Rectangular Patch

 CHARACTERISTICS OF BANDWIDTH

The bandwidth is directly proportional to substrate thickness h.

However, if h is greater than about 0.05 0 , the probe inductance
(for a coaxial feed) becomes large enough so that matching is
difficult the bandwidth will decrease.
The bandwidth is inversely proportional to r (a foam substrate gives
a high bandwidth).
The bandwidth of a rectangular patch is proportional to the patch
width W. but we need to keep W < 2L.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF RESONANT INPUT
RESISTANCE

The resonant input resistance is fairly independent of the

substrate thickness h unless h gets small (the variation is then
mainly due to dielectric and conductor loss).
The resonant input resistance is proportional to r.
The resonant input resistance is directly controlled by the
location of the feed point (maximum at edges x = 0 or x = L,
zero at center of patch).
CHARACTERISTICS OF MPA WITH
ANTENNA PARAMETERS
Typically the height h is much smaller than the
wavelength of operation, but should not be much smaller
than 0.025 of a wavelength (1/40th of a wavelength) or
the antenna efficiency will be degraded.
The height of the substrate h also controls the bandwidth
- increasing the height increases the bandwidth and
efficiency of the antenna
RADIATION PATTERN OF A RECTANGULAR
PATCH ANTENNA
 CHARACTERISTICS WITH PATCH
LENGTH L
The frequency of operation of the patch antenna is
determined by the length L
The center frequency will be approximately given by:
 CHARACTERISTICS WITH PATCH
WIDTH W

The width W of the microstrip antenna controls the

The following equation roughly describes how the bandwidth
scales with this parameter:

The width further controls the radiation pattern.

magnitude of the fields, given by:
 FEEDING METHODS

Inset Feed.
Coaxial Cable Feed.
Proximity-Coupled Feed.
Apeture-Coupled Feed.
Gap-Coupled Feed
 INSET FEED
In this type of feed technique, a conducting
strip is connected directly to the edge of the
microstrip patch.
Advantages
Simple
Allows for planar feeding.
Easy to use with arrays.
Easy to obatain input match.
Disadvantages
Significant line radiation for thicker substrates
For deep notches,Patch current and radiation
pattern may show distortion.
 COAXIAL CABLE FEED

Advantages
Simple
Directly compatible with coaxial cables.
Easy to obtain input match by adjusting feed
position.
Disadvatages
its major disadvantage provides narrow
bandwidth and is difficult to model
Significant probe radiation
Significant probe inductance
Not easily compatible with arrays
 PROXIMITY-COUPLED FEED

Two dielectric substrates are used such that

the feed line is between the two substrates and
the radiating patch is on top of the upper
substrate.
Advantages
Allows for planar feeding.
Less line radiation from microstrip feed.
Can allow for higher bandwidth.
Disadvantages
Requires multilayer fabrication.
Increase overall thickness of antenna.
Alignment is important for input match.
MPA APPLICATIONS

Mobile and satellite communication System.

Global Positioning System applications.
Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax)
Radar Application
Telemetry & Telemedicine.
Direct broadcast television(DBS)
CONCLUSION

MSA uses high frequency signals it uses monolithic integrated

circuits.
Rectangular and circular patches are the basic and most
commonly used microstrip antennas.
The major advantages are light weight, low profile,
conformable to planar and nonplanar surfaces and easy to
fabricate.
High impedance ground plane is necessary for low-profile antenna
design.
 REFERENCES

https://www.feko.info/applications/white-papers/a-thin-low-profile-
antenna-using-a-novel-high-impedance-ground-plane/a-thin-low-profile-
antenna-using-a-novel-high-impedance-ground-plane
Published in: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation ( Volume:
57, Issue: 1, Jan. 2009 )
http://www.antenna-theory.com/antennas/patches
http://optoelectronics.eecs.berkeley.edu/yablonovitch_conf_1999_MTT-
S_1529.pdf
http://www.ijecct.org/v3n6/519-525CRP0306M09.pdf
THANK YOU.