Defects in Fabric

Submitted to
Mr. Gaggan Bhatia

Submitted by
Himali Lalwani, Niyati Matta and Shreya Tewari
Fashion Business Management A
Level 1

Submitted on
April 1, 2016
 Defect

Any shortcoming, imperfection or flaw identified

in a fabric while going through the different
stages in the manufacturing process is known as
a defect.
Weaving Defects
Pin Hole

Causes:
1. Poorly adjusted stenter pin.

Remedies:
2. All machines must be
properly checked before
starting the process.
Oil Spot

Causes:
1. Due to contact with oil or
grease covered exposed
machine parts.
2. Careless handling.

Remedies:
3. Use of strong oil which
can be removed.
4. Filters should be cleaned
after every process.
Foreign Weft

Causes:
1. Carelessness of the
operator.

Remedies:
2. The fabric must be
checked at all stages of
weaving to avoid such a
defect.
Over-twisting Yarn

Causes:
1. Wrong change gear and
primary combination.
2. High yarn take up
tension causing the
package to slip.

Remedies:
3. All machines must be
properly checked before
starting the process.
Hole

Causes:
1. Yarn breakage.
2. Yarn tension is too high.

Remedies:
3. Yarn strength must be
sufficient.
4. Proper tension and yarn
count.
Needle Break

Causes:
1. High yarn tension.
2. Bad setting of the yarn
feeders.
3. Old and worn out
needle.
Remedies:
4. Ensure uniform and right
yarn tension on the
feeders.
5. Keep the recommended
gap between feeders
and needles.
6. Periodically change
complete set of needles.
Missing Ends

Causes
1. Loom not equipped with
warp stop motion.
2. Dirty drop wires or
accumulation of lint may
prevent their dropping.
Remedies
3. Combing in both
directions using a
metallic comb, which
may fill the bare patch
formed due to missing
ends.
4. Providing a loom with
warp stop motion.
5. Cleaning all parts of
machinery before use.
Printing Defects
Uneven Printing

Causes:
1. Bad screen frame.
2. Poorly installed
squeegee and uneven
pressure.

Remedies:
3. Adjust the machine
properly.
4. Check temperature and
pressure.
Color Smear

Causes
1. Roller printing speed is
too fast.
2. Low viscosity of print
paste.
3. Inappropriate lifting of
screen plates.

Remedies
4. Ensuring the correct
roller printing speed.
5. Correcting the viscosity
of the print paste.
6. Ensuring the appropriate
lifting of screen plates.
Printing Misfit

Causes
1. Improper alignment of
the screen.
2. Defective working of
printing head.

Remedies
3. Screens must be aligned
properly before starting
with the process of
printing.
4. All machinery must be
checked for proper
functioning.
Dyeing Defects
Dye Spot

Causes:
1. Incorrect mixing of colors
by the operator and
thorough addition of the
dyestuff in the wrong
amount of water.
2. No agitation of dyestuff.

Remedies:
3. Use the right amount of
water to dissolve the
dyestuff.
Crease Mark

Causes:
1. Improper fabric
movement.
2. Proper time and
temperature not given
during dyeing.

Remedies:
3. Proper movement of
fabric.
4. Proper time and
temperature in dyeing.
Shade Bar

Causes
1. Dyeing machine
stoppage.
2. Correct pH value not
maintained.
3. Improper leveling agent.
4. Water hardness.

Remedies
Maintaining proper pH
value, water hardness and
using appropriate leveling
agent.
Knitting Defects
Yarn Breakage

Causes
1. High yarn tension.
2. Yarn exhausted in the
cones.

Remedies
3. Ensure correct yarn
tension.
4. Ensure that the yarn
detectors are working
properly.
5. Depute a skilled & alert
machine operator on the
knitting machine.
Press off

Causes:
1. When all or some of the
needles on circular
knitting machine fail to
function and the fabric
either falls off the
machine or the design is
completely disrupted or
destroyed.
Remedies:
2. Needle detectors should
be set precisely.
3. Proper yarn tension
should be maintained on
all the feeders.