Evidence can be collected due to its

relationship to a

A. Suspect
B. Victim
C. Witness
D. All of the above
 A man wanted for a string of identity thefts
recently stole credit card information from
customers at a popular restaurant in a busy
downtown section of New York City. He was
seen eating dinner and speaking with other
patrons by two witnesses. He left the
restaurant at approximately 10 PM by a
parking valet.

List different pieces of evidence you would

attempt to collect from the scenario.
 Possibly the suspects saliva, DNA

Suspects fingerprints

Suspects description/physical characteristics

Type of automobile driven by suspect

Security camera/traffic camera information

Testimony of witnesses

Personal information of suspect type of work,

address from conversation within restaurant
 Can you identify this individual?

How is Forensics connected to this individual?

 Paul Walker was killed in an automobile crash
on Saturday Nov 30.
The car he was driving in was involved in a
high speed crash and an explosion followed.

Both he and the driver of the car, Roger Rodus,

were incinerated as a result of the crash.

How will the bodies be identified?

 Big Question: How does forensics assist in the
collection and examination of evidence?

1. Question of the Day and DO NOW

2. Start of TRIMESTER 2
TRIMESTER 1 GRADES
3. Jack the Ripper Part VII
4. Finish CSI: Skeleton on the Bus Video
Answer Question Set
5. Begin Chapter 3 Physical Evidence
6. Review and Homework
 Contamination and destruction of evidence
can occur due to
A. the mishandling of a body by law
enforcement personnel
B. leaving a body exposed to environmental
conditions
C. failure to perform a thorough autopsy
D. improper labeling of evidence bags
 A body has been discovered by police. A witness
has stepped forward to report an incident of
murder. The witness lives next door to the
accused individual. She recalls seeing the victim
enter the home of the accused. The incident
involved a violent physical attack on a relative of
the accused man. The local police department has
dispatched officers to the scene of the crime.

As an evidence collection specialist, you have

been called to the alleged crime scene.
What types of evidence would you be looking for?
Make associations to the victim and the type of
crime committed.
 Look for anything out of the ordinary at the
crime scene.
A newly cleaned carpet or missing furniture.
Search for a murder weapon.
Match the wounds on the victim to a possible
weapon.
Search for blood spatter and other types of
biological evidence.
Check the walls, floors, and ceiling.
Look for hair and fiber samples on the
furnishings of the home.
Match samples found to the victims clothing.
 Big Question: How does forensics assist in the
collection and examination of evidence?

1. Question of the Day and DO NOW

2. Jack the Ripper Part VII
3. Finish CSI: Skeleton on the Bus Video
Answer Question Set
4. Begin Chapter 3 Physical Evidence
5. Review and Homework
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ik81U330
jiw
 The statute of limitations in New Jersey
involving violent crimes is dependent upon
which of the following
A. the age of the victim
B. the specific crime a suspect has been charged
with
C. the type of evidence available
D. the arrest record of the suspect
 Diary of Jack the Ripper Part VIII

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EVakr9l0
QDc
 Big Question: How does forensics assist in the
collection and examination of evidence?

1. Question of the Day and DO NOW

2. Jack the Ripper Part VIII
3. Begin Chapter 3 Physical Evidence
4. Review and Homework
CHAPTER 3
 Laws that set time limits on how long you have
to file a "civil" lawsuit, like a personal injury
lawsuit, or how long the state has to prosecute
someone for committing a crime.

Time limits usually depend on the legal claim

or crime involved in the case.
Vary from state to state
 CIVIL CRIMINAL
Assault/Battery Assault
2 YEARS 1 or 5 Years
Rape
False Imprisonment NO TIME LIMIT
2 YEARS Manslaughter/
Murder
Personal Injury NO TIME LIMIT
2 Years Kidnapping
5 years
 Time starts to run on the day after the offense is
committed, except that when the prosecution is
supported by physical evidence that identifies
the actor by means of DNA testing or
fingerprint analysis.

Time does not start to run until the State is in

possession of both the physical evidence and the
DNA or fingerprint evidence necessary to establish
the identification of the actor by means of
comparison to the physical evidence.
What does this statement mean?
 Every crime scene needs to be treated on an
individual basis.

Certain types of evidence are likely to yield

significant results in ascertaining the nature and
circumstances of a crime.

Responsibility of the investigator to be familiar

with
Recognition, collection, and analysis of items
Laboratory procedures and capabilities
 Valuable evidence can sometimes be overlooked at
a crime scene.
Collected evidence can also be left on an evidence
room shelf having never been fully examined or
processed.

Regulations apply to the admissibility of evidence

after an established period of time from the
original date of a reported crime.
Generally begins at time/date a crime has been reported
Official police inquiry/investigation
Which of the following is not the responsibility of an investigator when collecting evidence?

A. Collection of evidence from a crime scene

B. Interpretation of criminal law as related to a trial
C. Knowledge of analytical techniques for the purpose of processing evidence
D. Limitations of forensics special services
 Investigator must be able to
Make logical decisions
Process the uncommon
and unexpected

Qualified evidence collectors must also be able to

make innovative and on-the-spot decisions at the
crime scene.
Memorizing a standardized set of procedures is not
enough
Useful to the investigation
Always within the clear definitions of the law
 Begin Casey Anthony Investigative CASE
STUDY
Read Casey Anthony Trial Summary.
Highlight points of interest about the case.
FOCUS ON
the Key pieces of evidence
Arguments of prosecution and defense

When you have finished the article, write down the

most important event you have read about that has
affected the outcome of the trial?
This is your opinion but JUSTIFY your answer.
 BIG Question: How does a forensic scientist
collect and examine evidence for use in a
criminal investigation?
1. Question of the Day and DO NOW
2. Jack the Ripper Writing Response
3. Casey Anthony Case Study
4. Physical Evidence Lab Investigation
5. EXIT PASS and Homework
Physical Evidence Lab Packet and
Questions
 The evidence collection specialist must
always apply scientific principles when

A. processing evidence
B. collecting evidence
C. examining evidence
D. All of the above
 Evidence has been found at a crime scene being
worked by two different police departments. The
first department on scene collects a number of
pieces of evidence. One sample of evidence
cannot be processed by the crime lab of the first
department. The second collection unit suggests
that they take the piece of evidence from the
crime scene with them to deliver it to the lab that
can process it. The first team gives the evidence to
the second team.
Was this the correct choice made by the first
team? Justify your answer.
 No. The first team had already collected the
evidence.
The proper procedures require that the
evidence first be properly bagged or sealed,
examined, processed through their police
agency, and catalogued.
The evidence can then be arranged for transfer
to the second teams crime lab for analysis.
Chain of custody must be followed and any
evidence that changes hands must be
documented.
 BIG Question: How does a forensic scientist
collect and examine evidence for use in a
criminal investigation?
1. Question of the Day and DO NOW
2. Hand in Homework
JtR VIII Questions and Written Response
3. Casey Anthony Case Study
4. Chapter 3 Notes
5. Complete Physical Evidence Lab
Investigation
Physical Evidence Lab Packet and
Questions
 A piece of evidence presented by the
prosecution that cannot be connected to a
suspect on trial would most likely be
A. allowed to remain as evidence
B. dismissed as irrelevant evidence
C. admissible if the prosecution can make a
connection within a designated time frame
D. admissible if the defense cannot prove it
is irrelevant to the suspect or case.
 Biological evidence was collected from a crime
scene. It places the suspect at the scene of the
crime where a murder had taken place. Under
cross examination, the forensic specialist who had
collected the sample admits that he did not use
new sterile instruments to collect the evidence.
The crime lab technician testifies under oath that
the results of analytical testing of the evidence is
100% accurate.

Predict the outcome of the trial. Justify your

answer.
 The evidence will be removed from the trial as per
a judges ruling.
The jury will be instructed to disregard this
evidence.

This also opens the door for the defense to

question other pieces of evidence in the trial and
may place doubt in the minds of the jurors as to
the scientific credibility of the prosecutions case.

There is a strong possibility that the suspect

would be found not guilty of the most serious
charges.
 BIG Question: How does a forensic scientist
collect and examine evidence for use in a
criminal investigation?
1. Question of the Day and DO NOW
2. Hand in Homework
JtR VIII Questions and Written Response
3. Casey Anthony Case Study
4. Chapter 3 Notes
5. Complete Physical Evidence Lab
Investigation
Physical Evidence Lab Packet and
Questions
 Familys home computer with Casey
Anthonys password used to Google search
for fool-proof suffication on June 16, 2008.

Google automatically corrected the misspelled

suffication and linked pages describing ways
to die by poisoning and suffocation.
 Any objects that can
establish a crime has
been committed.

Evidence can
provide a link
between a crime, the
victim, and the
perpetrator.
 Blood, semen, and saliva can be dried or in a
liquid state, human or animal.
Subjected to biochemical and serological analysis to
determine identity and possible origin
Documents any handwriting or typewriting
submitted to confirm the authenticity or source
Paper, ink, processed
Drugs any substance seized in violation of
laws regulating the sale, distribution,
manufacture, and use of drugs
 Laws regulate the

A. Personal use of drugs

B. Distribution of drugs
C. Sale of Drugs
D. prescribing of drugs through medical
professionals
 http://abcnews.go.com/US/casey_anthony_trial/
casey-anthony-trial-defense-claims-caylee-
anthony-drowned/story?id=13674375

http://abcnews.go.com/US/casey_anthony_trial/
casey-anthony-trial-defense-claims-caylee-
anthony-drowned/story?id=13674375
 Work in your Crime Teams.

Each team will be assigned to the prosecution

or defense.

You will formulate a brief argument regarding

the use of the computer and the searches if it
was presented in court.
Prosecutors Argue why it would convict
Defenders Be prepared for cross-
examination and convince jury
 BIG Question: How does a forensic scientist
collect and examine evidence for use in a
criminal investigation?
1. Question of the Day and DO NOW
2. Hand in Homework Case Responses
3. Casey Anthony Case Study
4. Chapter 3 Notes
5. Review and HOMEWORK
HAPPY HOLIDAYS!!!
Merry Christmas and Happy New Year!!!
 A piece of evidence presented by the
prosecution that cannot be connected to a
suspect on trial would most likely be
A. allowed to remain as evidence
B. dismissed as irrelevant evidence
C. admissible if the prosecution can make a
connection within a designated time frame
D. admissible if the defense cannot prove it
is irrelevant to the suspect or case.
 Biological evidence was collected from a crime
scene. It places the suspect at the scene of the
crime where a murder had taken place. Under
cross examination, the forensic specialist who had
collected the sample admits that he did not use
new sterile instruments to collect the evidence.
The crime lab technician testifies under oath that
the results of analytical testing of the evidence is
100% accurate.

Predict the outcome of the trial. Justify your

answer.
 The evidence will be removed from the trial as per
a judges ruling.
The jury will be instructed to disregard this
evidence.

This also opens the door for the defense to

question other pieces of evidence in the trial and
may place doubt in the minds of the jurors as to
the scientific credibility of the prosecutions case.

There is a strong possibility that the suspect

would be found not guilty of the most serious
charges.
 BIG Question: How does a forensic scientist
collect and examine evidence for use in a
criminal investigation?
1. Question of the Day and DO NOW
2. Hand in Homework Case Responses and
Labs
3. Casey Anthony Case Study
4. Chapter 3 Notes
5. Review and HOMEWORK
 Anthonys daughter Caylee was last seen on June 16,
2008 before her body was found on Dec. 11, 2008. A
jury acquitted Casey Anthony of murder on July 5,
2011.
Trial prosecutor Jeff Ashton said proof of the web
search could have been a crucial weapon. The defense
had claimed Caylee accidentally drowned and Casey
Anthonys dad George Anthony ditched the body.
Defense attorney Jose Baez already has a rebuttal ready
if the computer search was brought to trial.
Would have argued that George Anthony was trying
to search for ways to commit suicide.
 Explosives any device containing an explosive
charge
Includes any object at or removed from the scene of an
explosion
Suspected to contain residue from an explosion or use
as a detonation device
Fibers any natural or synthetic fiber whose
transfer may be useful in establishing a
relationship between object or persons
Cotton, silk, nylon, spandex, kevlar, as well as glass
and metallic fibers
Fingerprints all prints of this nature both
visible and latent
 Firearms and Ammunition any firearm as well as
discharged or intact ammunition suspected of
being involved in a criminal offense
Spent casings and recovered bullets or slugs
Glass any particle or fragment that may have
been transferred to a person or object involved in a
crime.
Includes windows/panes of glass containing holes made
by bullets or other projectiles
Hair any animal or human hair present that can
link a person to a crime
 Which of the following is not a valid piece of
physical evidence?

A. DNA sample
B. Fingerprints
C. Murder weapon
D. Diagram of a defective part in a fatal
automobile accident
 Two potential suspects are in custody for an
armed robbery. Both claim they are innocent and
have alibis. Suspect A states that he was home all
night. Suspect B states that he ate dinner at a local
restaurant and then took a train out of town. The
only evidence is an eye-witness account who
claims to have seen a man fitting their height,
build, and hair color.

How would you go about collecting additional

evidence to find out if either suspect is
responsible for the crime.
 Suspect A Suspect B
Did any neighbors see Which restaurant?
him? Speak with staff
What did he eat for How did he pay
dinner (takeout)? (date/time on receipt)?
Did he make any phone Train ticket/receipt?
calls (phone records)? Did he travel to the
Was he using his destination he claims?
computer? Purpose of trip out of
Playing video games? town?
 BIG Question: How does a forensic scientist
collect and examine evidence for use in a
criminal investigation?
1. Question of the Day and DO NOW
2. Last Day to hand in Labs and Case
Responses --- LOSS of 20% of Grade
3. Casey Anthony Case Study
4. Chapter 3 Notes
5. Review and HOMEWORK
 Impressions tire markings, shoes prints,
depressions in soft soil/sand, and all other forms of
tracts.
Gloves, fabric impressions, and bite marks in skin,
foodstuffs, and other objects.
Organs and physiological fluids body organs and
fluids are submitted to toxicology to detect possible
existence of drugs and poisons as well as blood to be
analyzed for alcohol/drug content.
Urine, vomit, bile
Paint any liquid or dried paint that may have been
transferred from one object to another during the act
of a crime
Transfer of paint from one vehicle to another in a car
accident
 Petroleum products any product removed from
a suspect or recovered from a crime scene.
Gasoline residues or grease and oil stains

Plastic bags polyethylene disposable bags such

as garbage or shopping bags.
Examined/chemically analyzed to associate a bag to
similar bags at a crime scene or possessed by a suspect.

Plastic, rubber, polymers remnants or residues

of man-made materials may be linked to objects
relevant to a crime scene or suspect.
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ilGKjbp
MxYE
 Powder residues any item suspected of
containing firearm powder residues.

Serial numbers stolen property submitted for the

restoration of damaged/erased ID numbers

Soil and minerals any object that could link a

person to a particular location

Tool marks impression marks found in an object

caused by a tool.
 Vehicle Lights examination of a vehicles
headlights and taillights to determine their use at
the time of an accident/impact.

Wood and other vegetative matter wood,

sawdust, or vegetative matter discovered on
clothing, shoes, or tools that could link a suspect to
a crime location.
 Which piece of evidence would be placed in the
Impressions category?

A. narrow puncture on a piece of wood made

by a screwdriver.
B. Skid marks made from an automobile
C. the outline of a shoeprint found in mud
D. a bullet casing collected from the beach
 You have collected two new pieces of evidence
from a crime scene a piece of organic tissue
and an unmarked bottle containing pills. The
cause of death was ruled an accidental
shooting. How does this new evidence affect
the investigation?

Categorize the 2 new pieces of evidence.

Describe how you would analyze the new
evidence (Forensic Service Units / Why).
 Organic Tissue Pill Bottle/pills

Organs/Fluids Drugs

Biological Unit human Physical Science

or animal identify the type of drug
- Match tissue to victim Fingerprint Unit
match fingerprints on
Toxicology Unit bottle to victim?
Determine if tissue
sample contains Based upon results of
excessively high levels analysis, the shooting
of a drug/poison may have been staged
to cover up a murder.
 BIG Question: What is circumstantial evidence?

1. Question of the Day and DO NOW

2. Paul Walker Investigation
3. FINISH Chapter 3!!!
4. Chapter 3 Test: Next Week
5. Review and HOMEWORK
 Paul Walkers autopsy revealed his body was
found in a pugilistic stance.
It may show that he was attempting to brace
himself for the impact of the crash.

What else might this stance reveal?

 When a body is exposed to intense fire/heat,
the body will take on a pugilistic stance.

Autopsy results also reveal that Mr. Walker

was burned so severely that dental records
were required for official identification.

His tissues and organs were too badly

damaged to be eligible for donation.
 1. Physical A physical object or something
residing on a physical object.

2. Personal A description or account of what has

been seen or heard.

3. Circumstantial Evidence that requires an

inference (conclusion based on evidence).
Indirect evidence that implies something has occurred
Does not prove it
Leads to/connects other facts/circumstances together
 Woman accused of embezzling money from
her company.
Makes big ticket purchases in cash around the time
the money was taken.

Wife is suing her husband for divorce

claiming he has had an affair.
Another womans fingerprints are found in their
bedroom.
Does not prove the affair but could be implied
because another woman has no other logical reason
to be in their bedroom.
 Identify or compare the evidence.

Identification process of determining an

object/substances physical or chemical identity.
Near absolute certainty as analytical techniques permit
Requires testing procedures
Sufficient tests to exclude all other possibilities

Problems each type of evidence requires different

tests
Each test has a degree of specificity
1 test versus 5 tests to ensure accuracy
 The Role of the Forensic Scientist

1. Determine the point and criteria for positive

identification
2. Relies on experience and education
3. Conclusion will have to be validated beyond any
reasonable doubt in a court of law
 Collected specimen and control
specimen

Both evaluated under same set of

tests and examinations
Select specific properties from both
specimens
Determine if they have a
common origin

Comparisons lead to Probability

 Individual Class

Associated with a Associated with a

common source and group and a low
high degree of degree of probability.
probability.
Difficult to determine
exact source of
evidence.
Blood types, carpet
Fingerprints fibers
 Inceptive Corroborative

At the start of At the end of an

investigation investigation

Evidence to base a Evidence used to

search for a prove or disprove
perpetrator
 Which techniques will provide the higher
degree of probability?

A. A visual inspection of a bullet casing

B. A computer enhanced analysis of
fingerprints.
C. A computer and chemical analysis of a drug
specimen.
D. All will produce the same probability
 BIG Question: How is physical evidence used
in a criminal investigation?

1. Question of the Day

2. STUDY GUIDES
3. Chapter 3 Test: TUESDAY Jan 14
4. Review and HOMEWORK
STUDY for Test
STUDY GUIDES
 Forensics in the Casey Anthony Investigation
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/
criminal-justice/real-csi/casey-anthony-trial-
lawyers-speak-out-about-the-cases-
controversial-forensics/