UL/ANSI/NEMA

Low Voltage
Circuit Breakers

2013 Eaton. All Rights Reserved. 1

System Consideration

Installation
Codes

Product Inspection and

Standards and Enforcement
Certification (verification)

Safe Products and Safe

Installations

2013 Eaton. All Rights Reserved. 2

UL Standards for LV components
UL 489: Molded Case Circuit Breakers

UL 1066: LV Power Circuit Breakers

UL 98: Enclosed and Deadfront Switches

UL 508: Industrial Control Equipment

2013 Eaton. All Rights Reserved. 3

UL Standards for LV Assemblies
UL 67: Panelboards
UL 891: Switchboards
UL 1558: LV Switchgear
UL 845: Motor Control Centers
UL 857: Busway
UL 508A: Industrial Control Panels

2013 Eaton. All Rights Reserved. 4

 IEC Standards for LV Components
IEC 60947: LV Switchgear
and Controlgear
Part 1: General rules
Part 2: Circuit breakers
Part 3: Switches, disconnectors
Part 4 series: Contactors and motor-
starters
Part 5 series: Control circuit devices
and switching elements
Part
Part

2013 Eaton. All Rights Reserved. 5

 IEC Standards for LV Assemblies
IEC 61439: LV Switchgear
and Controlgear
Assemblies
Part 1: General rules
Part 2: Power Switchgear
Part 3: Distribution boards operated
by ordinary persons
Part 4: Construction sites
Part 5: Distribution in public
networks
Part 6: Busbar Trunking Systems
(Busways)
Part 7: Marinas, camping sites,
market squares, EV charging

2013 Eaton. All Rights Reserved. 6

National Electrical Code, NEC
NFPA 70, contains installation rules
- Cable connections = AWG sizes
- Wire bending spaces
- Enclosure type designations
- Grounding
- Working spaces
- Creepage/Clearance distances
- Temperature rises
- Mentions Listed products
o References product Standards (Annex A)
2013 Eaton. All Rights Reserved. 7
 UL conformity assessment
UL Listing provides
- Independent confirmation of original
design
- On-going factory inspections
- Periodic follow-up testing

2013 Eaton. All Rights Reserved. 8

 Support the installed system

UL Components IEC Components

SAFE
UL Assemblies IEC Assemblies

2013 Eaton. All Rights Reserved. 9

 Do not intermix

UL Components IEC Components

UNSAFE
UL Assemblies IEC Assemblies

2013 Eaton. All Rights Reserved. 10

 System Considerations - Summary

Support your installed electrical infrastructure

Concerns extend beyond individual components
Need alignment with Installation requirements
Certification confirms initial & continued
compliance
Do not intermix IEC and UL products, it will
compromise safety!

2013 Eaton. All Rights Reserved. 11

Background/Evolution: LV Power Breakers
UL 1066, Low-Voltage
AC and DC Power
Circuit Breakers Used in
Enclosures

2013 Eaton. All Rights Reserved. 12

 Low Voltage
Circuit Breaker Standards
IEC & UL
UL 1066
Air UL Standard for
(Power) Low Voltage AC and DC
Circuit IEC 60947-2
Breakers Low Voltage Switchgear Power Circuit Breakers
and Controlgear-Part 2 used in Enclosures
Circuit Breakers
Moulded UL 489
Case UL Standard for
Circuit IEC 60898 Molded-Case Circuit
Breakers Circuit-breakers for
overcurrent protection for
Breakers
household and similar installations

2013 Eaton. All Rights Reserved. 13

 Key differences Power Circuit Breakers have
compared to Molded Case Circuit Breakers

Electronic Trip Only

Used Primarily in Draw-out Switchboards
Serviceable and Maintainable
Typically used upstream from Molded Case
Circuit Breakers
Provide a Higher Level of Selective Coordination
Stored Energy Mechanism

2013 Eaton. All Rights Reserved. 14

 Many Standards differences between
IEC 60947-2 and UL 1066, including

Testing Approach
- For example, Short Circuit Interrupting Capability
Performance Requirements
- For example:
- Temperature Rise
- Overload
Follow Up Test Requirements
- For example, periodic UL 1066 Follow Up Testing

2013 Eaton. All Rights Reserved. 15

Power Circuit Breakers: Short Circuit Capability
IEC 60947-2 UL 1066

Significant clause is 4.4: References ANSI/NEMA C37.50 for:

Utilization Categories
Category B Determine rated
short time withstand current
Annex H Single Pole Interrupting Single Pole Test at 87% of
Optional
Ics: Rated Breaking Capacity (Seq.
II)
Icu: Rated Ultimate Capability (Seq.
III)
Short-Time Current Duty Cycle
Carry fault current for two 0.5
second periods
Short-Circuit Current Duty Cycle
Interrupting Capacity (ANSI C37.50
Table 4)
Short Circuit Current Tests required
in each Test Sequence (C37.50
Table 1)

UL requires defined/vigorous short circuit

verifications and single pole interruption.
2013 Eaton. All Rights Reserved. 16
 Power Circuit Breakers: Temperature
IEC UL

Maximum Allowable Temperature Rise

80C Enclosure not required, 55C Tested in the Enclosure,

sample previously tested in Seq. tested on a new sample (C37.50
I and Seq. II Table 1 Sequence V)

Maximum allowable Temperature Rise

At the Circuit Breaker Contacts

No value specified but no 85C

damage to adjacent parts (Table
7 Note a)

Philosophy different for temperature tests

2013 Eaton. All Rights Reserved. 17

Power Circuit Breakers: Overload Capability
IEC UL

Overload test requirements

Required for 630A and less, Required for ALL circuit breakers
optional above 630A (ANSI C37.50 Table 1, Seq. 1)
(8.3.3.4 and Test Sequence I)

Tests after Overload

Short Circuit Test not required

and not part of test sequence Short Circuit Test required

UL always requires overload, also

Requires short circuit test after overload

2013 Eaton. All Rights Reserved. 18

 Power Circuit Breakers:
Conformance Testing/Conformity Assessment
IEC UL

Conformance to IEC Standard (CE UL Third-Party Witness of

Mark) typically justified solely by
manufacturers self declaration
Conformance Testing
UL Factory Surveillance
UL procedures document the
construction/components for on-
going compliance
UL periodic Follow-up Testing
based on production volume or
number of years (ANSI C37.50
Table 7)

Third-party certification assures independent

verification & ongoing conformance

2013 Eaton. All Rights Reserved. 19

 Emerging technology:
Addressing Arc Flash Hazards

Data is available to apply UL low

voltage circuit breakers to limit arc
flash energy

2013 Eaton. All Rights Reserved. 20

Traditional Circuit Protection
Circuit breakers were
originally intended to protect
the installed conductors:
Protect & prevent possible
damage for operating
beyond their capability.
Cut-off current below the
cable damage curves.

2013 Eaton. All Rights Reserved. 21

Arc Flash Hazards

2013 Eaton. All Rights Reserved. 22

IEEE 1584, Guide for Performing
Arc-Flash Hazard Calculations
Calculate Incident energy
Use fault current level and interruption time of the
overcurrent device.
Circuit breaker calculation methods do not
account for their current limiting aspects!
Published Papers referencing circuit breaker arc
flash applications are:
Molded-Case Circuit Breakers reduce Arc-Flash Hazard Impact NEMA
(available for free download from the NEMA Website)
Understanding IEEE 1584 Arc-Flash Calculations, K. J. Lippert, D. M.
Colaberardino, and C. W. Kimblin, IEEE IAS Magazine, May/June 2005.
Applying Low Voltage Circuit Breakers to Limit Arc-Flash Energy, G.
Gregory and K. J. Lippert, IEEE PCIC, September 2006

2013 Eaton. All Rights Reserved. 23

Comparison of MCCB arc test results
Incident Energy
at Bolted Fault Current (kA)
Min Mid Max
250 A MCCB with Thermal -Magnetic Trip Unit
Bolted fault current 3.7 kA 35 kA 100 kA
2 1
Inc. Energy via IEEE 1584 Table E.1 Generic (Cal/cm ) N/A 1.7 4.7
2
Inc. Energy via IEEE 1584 & Trip Curve (Cal/cm ) 27.6 0.9 1.8
2
Measured Incident Energy (Cal/cm ) 0.11 0.15 0.13
400 A MCCB with Thermal -Magnetic Trip Unit
Bolted fault current 6 kA 35 kA 100 kA
2 1
Inc. Energy via IEEE 1584 Table E.1 Generic (Cal/cm ) N/A 1.7 4.7
2
Inc. Energy via IEEE 1584 & Trip Curve (Cal/cm ) 72 0.7 1.4
2
Measured Incident Energy (Cal/cm ) 0.12 0.2 0.20
600 A MCCB with Thermal -Magnetic Trip Unit
Bolted fault current 9 kA 35 kA 100 kA
2 1
Inc. Energy via IEEE 1584 Table E.1 Generic (Cal/cm ) N/A 2.3 5.7
2
Inc. Energy via IEEE 1584 & Trip Curve (Cal/cm ) 46 1.1 1.8
2
Measured Incident Energy (Cal/cm ) 1.22 0.78 0.36
800 A MCCB with Thermal -Magnetic Trip Unit
Bolted fault current 12 kA 35 kA 65 kA
2 1
Inc. Energy via IEEE 1584 Table E.1 Generic (Cal/cm ) N/A 2.3 3.9
2
Inc. Energy via IEEE 1584 & Trip Curve (Cal/cm ) 61.4 1.7 2.8
2
Measured Incident Energy (Cal/cm ) 0.86 1.14 1.05
1200 A MCCB with Electronic Trip Unit
Bolted fault current 20 kA 35 kA 100 kA
2 1
Inc. Energy via IEEE 1584 Table E.1 Generic (Cal/cm ) N/A 3.5 9.4
2
Inc. Energy via IEEE 1584 & Trip Curve (Cal/cm ) 218 3.5 5.8
2
Measured Incident Energy (Cal/cm ) 1.86 1.20 1.64
2500 A MCCB with Electronic Trip Unit
Bolted fault current 35 kA 65 kA 100 kA
2 1
Inc. Energy via IEEE 1584 Table E.1 Generic (Cal/cm ) N/A 7.7 11.5
2
Inc. Energy via IEEE 1584 & Trip Curve (Cal/cm ) 110 5.4 6.5
2
Measured Incident Energy (Cal/cm ) 3.96 3.48 2.12
1.N/A represents Not Applicable because the parameters are outside the range of the
IEEE 1584 Table E.1 generic equation.
2013 Eaton. All Rights Reserved. 24
Conclusions from Molded Case Circuit
Breaker arc flash testing
In the instantaneous region, tested incident
energies are significantly lower than
calculated values due to:
Actual arcing time
Current reduction by the circuit breaker
(particularly for current limiting circuit
breakers)

2013 Eaton. All Rights Reserved. 25

Zone Selective Interlocking (ZSI)
Many modern circuit breakers have electronic
trip units which make them more intelligent
Electronic trips with ZSI allows breakers in
the same zone to communicate with each
other
ZSI bypasses the preset short delay time
(and ground fault delay time when available)
on the upstream circuit breaker closest to the
fault, which then trips with no intentional
delay

2013 Eaton. All Rights Reserved. 26

Zone Selective Interlocking (ZSI)
When a fault occurs at point X...
Main 1

I sense
trouble! Circuit
Breaker

All is OK here, All is OK here, so

All is OK here,
so Im quiet. so Im quiet.
X Im quiet. Zone A

Circuit Circuit Circuit

Breaker Breaker Breaker

Feeder 1 Feeder 2 Feeder 3

Circuit Circuit
Breaker Breaker
2013 Eaton. All Rights Reserved. 27
Zone Selective Interlocking (ZSI)
Main 1
But with ZSI since none of my
Without ZSI, Id downstream buddies are telling me that
normally wait for my Circuit they sense trouble, I know not to wait at
Short Delay time, Breaker all, and open as quickly as I can!
and then open!

X Zone A

Circuit Circuit Circuit

Breaker Breaker Breaker

Feeder 1 Feeder 2 Feeder 3

Circuit Circuit
Breaker Breaker
2013 Eaton. All Rights Reserved. 28
Zone Selective Interlocking (ZSI)
However, when a fault occurs at point
Main 1
XX...
I sense
trouble! Circuit
Breaker
I sense trouble too! Hey
upstream buddy, hang in
All is OK here, All is OK here,
there, Ive got it!
so Im quiet. so Im quiet. Zone A

Circuit Circuit Circuit

Breaker Breaker Breaker

Feeder 1 Feeder 2 Feeder 3

XX
Coordination
Is Maintained! Circuit Circuit
Breaker Breaker
2013 Eaton. All Rights Reserved. 29
 ZSI Arc Flash Example
Main 1

Short
Circuit Delay=
Breaker 0.5S

35kA fault current

X
Short Short Short
Circuit Delay= Circuit Delay= Circuit Delay=
Breaker 0.3S Breaker 0.3S Breaker 0.3S

Feeder 1 Feeder 2 Feeder 3

Without ZSI = 0.5 S: With ZSI = 0.08 S:

43.7* Cal/cm2 7.0* Cal/cm2
Greater than Cat. 4 PPE! Cat. 2 PPE
FR Shirt & Pants +
FIND ALTERNATIVES! Cotton underwear

* Using IEEE 1584: 480V-35kA, MCC, 18 from Arc

2013 Eaton. All Rights Reserved. 30
 Arc-reducing maintenance switching
Manually or Automatically enables
an instantaneous pickup
Trip Times May Vary Between
Manufacturers
Some may be same as Instantaneous
Some my be faster than Instantaneous
Reduces arc energy to downstream
equipment/personnel
Limits energy available during
maintenance
EXAMPLE:
Normal settings calculates to 10.7 cal (Cat. 3)
With Arcflash Reduction Maintenance
Switch 2.2 cal (Cat. 1)
2013 Eaton. All Rights Reserved. 31
 Arc flash mitigation system

When activated, this technology

continuously monitors current and
voltage to identify an arc flash.
When an arc flash occurs, the arc is
automatically dealt with, without
changes to the circuit breaker.
Sometimes referred to as crowbar
systems

2013 Eaton. All Rights Reserved. 32

Summary of UL circuit breaker applications
to reduce arc flash energy
Use Arc flash energy values published by the
circuit breaker manufacturer
Zone Selective Interlocking
Arc Reduction Maintenance Switch
Arc Flash Mitigation Systems

2013 Eaton. All Rights Reserved. 33

Emerging technology: PV Circuit Breakers

UL 489B, Outline of Investigation

for Molded-Case Circuit Breakers
for Use with Photovoltaic (PV)
Systems

2013 Eaton. All Rights Reserved. 34

 UL 489B and IEC

UL 489B:
- First published July, 2010
- Several manufacturers have UL Listed
products

IEC 60947-2
- No published requirements yet for PV
breakers
- CD circulated 2014-02-28

2013 Eaton. All Rights Reserved. 35

UL 489B PV Circuit Breaker Requirements

1500 V dc capability
Rated/marked for 50 C
Vigorous dc current tests
Evaluated for reverse direction current

2013 Eaton. All Rights Reserved. 36

www.eaton.com

2013 Eaton. All Rights Reserved. 37