Thermodynamics 2

Lecturer: Mr. OY Odufuwa

Lesson 1: Heat, Work, Systems

E&McC: Chapter 1 p2-6

Study Guide: Learning Unit 1 p18
Basics of Thermodynamics
The Study of the relationship between Heat, Work and the Properties
of Systems

Heat
Heat Engine Work
Source

Working Fluid: Air, Steam

Coal, Oil, Paraffin IC Engines:

Properties Mechanical Energy:
of a Working Fluid:
Petrol/Diesel
Petrol, Diesel, Gas Must be Piston
able to absorb, Engines
Piston and
transform moving up/down
Gas Turbines
Uranium, Sun release energy Rotation of Shaft/Flywheel
ECbeEngines:
Must compressible and expandible
Boiler + Steam Turbine
Stirling Engine

Heat Engine is the name given to a system that operates in a cyclic

manner and produces net work from a supply of heat
Definitions: Heat & Intrinsic Energy
E&McC p2

Heat is a form of energy. It is transferred from one body (at a higher

temperature) to the other body at a lower temperature

Heat is a result of a temperature

difference between 2 bodies

Symbol: Q units: Joule (J, kJ, MJ)

Intrinsic Energy is a form of energy which is contained in (possessed
by) a body
Intrinsic energy is a function of the bodys own temperature.
Difference between Heat and Intrinsic Energy

o o
t = 35 C t = 35 C
o o
E = 350CkJ
t = 50 E = 350CkJ
t = 20
E = 500 kJ E = 200 kJ

Q = 0 kJ
Q = Ehot Ecold
= 500 200
= 300 kJ
Definitions: Systems
E&McC p3

System is a collection of matter within prescribed, identifiable

boundaries

Closed System is a system in which

the mass remains constant but
the boundaries can move
e.g.: A piston-in-cylinder system

Open System is a system in which

there is a transfer of mass across
the boundaries

e.g.: A turbine system

Definitions: Work
E&McC p4

Work is a form of energy. It is the product of a force and the distance

moved in the direction of the force

Symbol: W units: Joule (J, kJ, MJ)

When the boundary of a closed system moves inwards (direction of

force) compression surroundings do work on the system
When the boundary of a closed system moves outwards expansion
work done by the system on the surroundings
Definitions: Direction of Energy Flow
E&McC p5

Heat and Work is energy in transition

It is transferred across the boundaries of systems
It is never contained in or possessed by a body it is not a property
of a substance

Sign Convention: All external inputs to a system are positive (+)

 End of Lesson 1
Summary
Basic thermodynamic definitions:
Heat, Intrinsic Energy and Work
Systems - Closed Systems
- Open Systems
Sign Convention as used in E&McC

Homework
Study E&McC p2-6
Revision: Units (p6) and Multiples (p8)

Assignment 1b
Improve on previous homework
Improve on the Assignment 1
Assignments 2

What do you understand by term internal energy and intrinsic

energy?
Describe the term system, open system, closed system and
isolated system using sketched and examples as additional tool for
describtion.
State 3 differences between heat and intrinsic energy
Briefly describe the term Thermal equilibrium.
What is the mean do you understand by intensive and extensive
properties? Give 3 examples of each.
Solve problem 1.1 (iii) to (v) in the prescribed textbook.
Due date 8th August 2017 (copy of power-point submitted to
oodufuwa@cut.ac.za before 7th August).
For Group 2 (Presented in power-point for 10 mins in class)