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MA. RONELA P. MENDOZA, RN, MAN

 CARDIOMYOPATHY
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1. Dilated cardiomyopathy
2. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
3. Restrictive cardiomyopathy
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CARDIOMYOPATHY

Classification: (International Society and Federation of Cardiology

and WHO)
1. Dilated cardiomyopathy
2. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
3. Restrictive cardiomyopathy
4. Arrythmogenic right ventricular
cardiomyopathy
5. Peripartum cardiomyopathy
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DILATED
CARDIOMYOPATHY
Most common form
Causes: viral myocarditis, autoimmune
response, chemicals(alcohol)
THE CAVITY OF THE HEART IS STRETCHED
Dilated ventricles without hypertrophy and
systolic dysfunction
Formerlyknown as CONGESTIVE
CARDIOMYOPATHY but exists without
signs and symptoms of congestion
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DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY

LEFT VENTRICULAR DILATION

INCREASED WORK REQUIRED TO PUMP

BLOOD TO FILL IN THE DILATED
VENTRICLES

BLOOD POOLING in the VENTRICLES

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DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY
Assessment findings
Dyspnea on exertion and when lying down
PND and orthopnea
Fatigue

Legs swelling
Palpitations

Chest pain
Pulsus alternans
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HYPERTROPIC
CARDIOMYOPATHY
Characterized by left, right or left and right
ventricular hypertrophy and abnormal
diastolic filling
Often detected in puberty
May also be idiopathic
Maybe
OBSTRUCTIVE or NON
OBSTRUCTIVE
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the thickness of the heart is asymmetrical
with one part being thicker than the rest of
the heart.
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HYPERTROPIC CARDIOMYOPATHY
Assessment findings

Chest pain
Dizziness
Fainting, especially during exercise
Heart failure (in some patients)
High blood pressure (hypertension)
Light-headedness, especially with or after
activity or exercise
Sensation of feeling the heart beat
(palpitations)
Fatigue, reduced activity tolerance
Shortness of breath when lying down
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RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY

refers to a group of disorders in which the

heart chambers are unable to properly fill
with blood because of stiffness in the heart.
the heart is of normal size or only slightly
enlarged. However, it cannot relax normally
during the time between heartbeats when
the blood returns from the body to the heart
(diastole).
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RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY
Causes
1. Build-up of scar tissue (often for no known
reason).
2. Build-up of abnormal proteins (amyloidosis) in
the heart muscle.
3. Chemotherapy or chest exposure to radiation.
4. Excess iron (hemochromatosis) in the heart.
5. Scleroderma
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Arrhythmogenic right
ventricular cardiomyopathy
(ARVC)

is an inherited heart muscle disorder

where damaged heart muscle is
gradually replaced by scar tissue and
fat.
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Peripartum
Cardiomyopathy
Leftventricular dysfunction developing in
the last month before delivery to 5months
postpartum
RISK FACTORS
Advanced maternal age
Multi-fetal pregnancies
Preeclampsia
Gestational hypertension
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CARDIOMYOPATHY
Diagnostic Evaluation:
Physical examination
Echocardiogram
ECG
chest x-ray
Cardiac catheterization
Endomyocardial biopsy
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CARDIOMYOPATHY
Management
Palliative

Correcting the heart failure with medications

Diuretics
Digitals
Antihypertensive drugs To promote effective heart
contraction and
Adequate cardiac output
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CARDIOMYOPATHY
Management
Anticoagulants

Anti inflammatory drugs

DIETARY SODIUM RESTRICTIONS
Placement of artificial pacemaker or
implanted automatic defibrillator
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DILATED HYPERTROPHIC
CARDIOMYOPATHY CARDIOMYOPATHY

ACE inhibitors beta blockers

Betablockers (propranolol)
Diuretics calcium channel
Digoxin blockers (Calan)
Biventricular pacing antiarrhythmic agent-
Implantable disopyramide (Norpace
defibrillators hydration at all times
Anticoagulants atrioventricular (AV)
Antidysrhythmics sequential
Cardioversion pacemakers,
implantable automatic
defibrillators,
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MANAGEMENT

Myectomy

Septal Ablation
Cardiomyoplasty

Heart transplant
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