MODUL 3

Differential Distillation, Simple Distillation, Batch Distillation

Principles: - Feed is heated inside the kettle (distillation flask)
- produced vapor is condensed as distillate (D)
- the remaining liquid inside the kettle is residu (W)

Figure 7 Batch Distillation Apparatus

Material Balance (binary)

At every distillation time:

- L mole liquid in the kettle has composition x mole fractrion of A
- dD is vaporized to be distillate with mole fraction of y*
then
Total material Component A
Mole in 0 0
Mol out dD y*dD
Mole accumulation dL d(Lx) = Ldx + xdL
in out = accumulation -dD = dL -y*dD = Ldx + xdL

dL
F F xF dx
y*dL = Ldx + xdL becomes: W L ln
W x W y * - x

Rayleigh eq.
Example :
A mixture containing 50% mole n-heptane (A) and 50% mole n-octane (B)
is differential distillated at 1 atm to vaporize 60% of feed.
Calculate composition of distillate and residu.

Basis F = 100 mole feed, xF = 0,5; D = 60 mole; W = 40 mole

0,5 dx
ln (100/40) = 0,916 = x
W y*- x

From equilibrium diagram can be tabulated relation between x and y*

x 0,5 0,46 0,42 0,38 0,34 0,32
y* 0,689 0,648 0,608 0,567 0,523 0,497
1/(y*-x) 5,29 5,32 5,32 5,35 5,5 5,65
Draw x vs 1/(y*-x) curve
Calculate area below the curve until reach 0,916
xW in which area reached that amount is the composition of residu
Distillate composition can be calculated from eq.FxF = DyDav + WxW
Area below curve reaches 0,916 when x=0,33, then yDav=0,614

Compare this result with flash vaporization result and give analysis....
Reyleigh eq. can be simplified as:
 Batch distillation for multicomponent feed,

= (y*/(1-y*))/(x/(1-x)) = y*(1-x)/x(1-y*)

is substitued to eq :
FdL F xF dx
W L ln
W x W y * - x

becomes eq:

log (FxF/WXw) =log [F(1-XF)/W(1-Xw)]

By choosing one component (B) as a base relative volatility,

log (FxJF/WXJW) =JBlog [F(1-XBF)/W(1-XBW)]
A liquid containing 50% mol benzene (A), 25% mol Toluene (B)
and 25% mol Xylene (C) is differentially distilled at 1 atm with
vaporization of 32.5 mol% of the charge. Compute the distillate
and residu composition.
Basis F=100 mol, D=32.5 mol, W=67,5 mol

Substance p xF
A 1370 2.49 0.5
B 550 1.0 0.25
C 200 0.364 0.25
For A : log[100(0.5)/67.5 XAW] = 2.49 log [100(0.25)/67.5 XBW]
For C : log[100(0.25)/67.5 XAW] = 0.364 log [100(0.25)/67.5 XBW]
XAW + XBW + XCW = 1.0
Solving simultaneously by assuming value of XBW gives :
XBW =0.285, XAW =0.385, XCW = 0.335
Solving the material balance equation gives y ,y y
ASSIGMENT 3

1.Calculate the problem in assigment 2 using batch

distillation method + Unisim
2.Reading assigment : Treybal pp.402-425