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CEMENTING
MATERIALS
1.01 Lime
BUILDING TECHNOLOGY I
1.02 Gypsum
1.03 Cement
2. STORAGE OF
CEMENT
3. CONCRETE
3.01 Definition
3.02 Qualities
of Good
Concrete
3.03 Materials of
Concrete
3.04 Slump Test
3.05 Proportioning
3.06 Mixing
3.07 Transporting
and Placing
3.08 Shrinkage
3.09 Curing
3.10 Admixtures
3.11 Forms
4. PROCESSED
CONCRETE
4.01 Types of
Processed
Concrete
4.02 Aggregates for
Light-weight
Conc.
1. CEMENTING 1. CEMENTING MATERIALS
MATERIALS
1.01 Lime
1.02 Gypsum 1.01 LIME
1.03 Cement
2. STORAGE OF Hydrated lime mixed with water to make lime putty, is used
CEMENT as an ingredient of hard-finish coat for two-and three-coat
3. CONCRETE Portland cement plasters. It is also used for mixing with
3.01 Definition
3.02 Qualities cement mortar or concrete to:
of Good
Concrete
3.03 Materials of increase its workability
Concrete
3.04 Slump Test
decrease its permeability
3.05 Proportioning to water
3.06 Mixing
3.07 Transporting reduce cracking due to
and Placing
3.08 Shrinkage shrinkage
3.09 Curing
3.10 Admixtures
3.11 Forms A type of lime which will
4. PROCESSED set under water is
CONCRETE hydraulic lime, used only
4.01 Types of
Processed where slow underwater
Concrete setting is required.
4.02 Aggregates for
Light-weight
Conc.
1. CEMENTING 1. CEMENTING MATERIALS
MATERIALS
1.01 Lime
1.02 Gypsum 1.02 GYPSUM
1.03 Cement
4. PROCESSED
CONCRETE
4.01 Types of
Processed
Concrete
4.02 Aggregates for
Light-weight
Conc.
1. CEMENTING 1. CEMENTING MATERIALS
MATERIALS
1.01 Lime
1.02 Gypsum 1.03 CEMENT
1.03 Cement
2. STORAGE OF a. Cement
CEMENT
3. CONCRETE in reinforced-concrete construction should be high-
3.01 Definition grade Portland cement conforming to the Standard
3.02 Qualities
of Good Specifications and Test for Portland Cement of the
Concrete
3.03 Materials of
American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM).
Concrete
3.04 Slump Test The kind of tests usually made are:
3.05 Proportioning
3.06 Mixing
3.07 Transporting soundness, or constancy of volume
and Placing
3.08 Shrinkage
time of setting
3.09 Curing
3.10 Admixtures
fineness
3.11 Forms tensile strength
4. PROCESSED
CONCRETE
4.01 Types of Each bag of cement is equivalent to approximately
Processed 1 cu. ft. and weighs 94 lbs.
Concrete
4.02 Aggregates for
Light-weight
Conc.
1. CEMENTING 3. CONCRETE
MATERIALS
1.01 Lime
1.02 Gypsum 3.03 MATERIALS OF CONCRETE
1.03 Cement
2. STORAGE OF b. Aggregates
CEMENT
3. CONCRETE Coarse aggregate (aggregate larger than in size)
3.01 Definition consists of crushed stones, gravel or other inert
3.02 Qualities
of Good materials of similar characteristics.
Concrete
3.03 Materials of
Concrete
3.04 Slump Test
3.05 Proportioning
3.06 Mixing
3.07 Transporting
and Placing
3.08 Shrinkage
3.09 Curing
3.10 Admixtures
3.11 Forms
Coarse aggregates should be well graded in size to a
4. PROCESSED
CONCRETE
size which will readily pass between all reinforcing bars
4.01 Types of and between reinforcement and forms but not exceed
Processed
Concrete
25mm (1) in size for reinforced beams, floor slabs, & thin
4.02 Aggregates for walls.
Light-weight
Conc. They may range up to 50mm (2) for less highly
reinforced parts of the structures such as footings, thick
walls, and massive work.
1. CEMENTING 3. CONCRETE
MATERIALS
1.01 Lime
1.02 Gypsum 3.03 MATERIALS OF CONCRETE
1.03 Cement
2. STORAGE OF b. Aggregates
CEMENT
3. CONCRETE Special aggregates, such as cinders, blast furnace
3.01 Definition slag, expanded shale or clay, perlite, vermiculite, and
3.02 Qualities
of Good sawdust, may produce:
Concrete
3.03 Materials of - lightweight, nailable concrete
Concrete
3.04 Slump Test - thermal insulating concrete.
3.05 Proportioning
3.06 Mixing
3.07 Transporting
and Placing
3.08 Shrinkage
3.09 Curing
3.10 Admixtures
3.11 Forms
4. PROCESSED
CONCRETE
4.01 Types of
Processed
Concrete
4.02 Aggregates for
Light-weight
Conc.
1. CEMENTING 3. CONCRETE
MATERIALS
1.01 Lime
1.02 Gypsum 3.03 MATERIALS OF CONCRETE
1.03 Cement
2. STORAGE OF c. Water
CEMENT
3. CONCRETE
- should be free from oil, acid, alkali, vegetable matter,
3.01 Definition or other deleterious substances
3.02 Qualities
of Good - should be reasonably clear and clean.
Concrete
3.03 Materials of
Concrete - The use of sea or brackish water is not allowed.
3.04 Slump Test
3.05 Proportioning
3.06 Mixing - Water combines with the cement to form a paste
3.07 Transporting which coats and surrounds the inert particles of
and Placing
3.08 Shrinkage
3.09 Curing
aggregates.
3.10 Admixtures
3.11 Forms - Upon hardening, it binds the entire mass together.
4. PROCESSED
CONCRETE
- The strength of the mixture therefore depends directly
4.01 Types of upon the strength of the paste. If there be an excess
Processed
Concrete
of water the paste becomes thin and weak and its
4.02 Aggregates for holding power is reduced.
Light-weight
Conc.
1. CEMENTING 3. CONCRETE
MATERIALS
1.01 Lime
1.02 Gypsum 3.03 MATERIALS OF CONCRETE
1.03 Cement
2. STORAGE OF c. Water
CEMENT
- The water-cement ratio is the amount of water used
3. CONCRETE
3.01 Definition
per bag of cement.
3.02 Qualities
of Good - This usually varies from 5 to 7 gallons, with 6.5
Concrete
3.03 Materials of gallons as average for ordinary job conditions. The
Concrete less water used in mixing, the better the quality of
3.04 Slump Test
3.05 Proportioning concrete.
3.06 Mixing
3.07 Transporting
and Placing - The ideal mix is one that is plastic and workable. It
3.08 Shrinkage
3.09 Curing should not be too dry that it becomes too difficult to
3.10 Admixtures
3.11 Forms place in the forms, nor too wet that separation of the
ingredients result.
4. PROCESSED
CONCRETE WATER CEMENT RATIO
4.01 Types of
Processed
Assumed 28-day Maximum water-cement ratio Pounds of water
Concrete Compressive strength U.S. gallons of water per sack per 100 lbs. of
4.02 Aggregates for (lbs. per sq. inch) Cement of 94 lbs. cement
Light-weight
2,000 7.00 62.0
Conc.
2,500 6.50 57.5
3,000 5.75 51.0
3,750 5.00 44.5
1. CEMENTING 3. CONCRETE
MATERIALS
1.01 Lime
1.02 Gypsum 3.04 SLUMP TEST
1.03 Cement
4. PROCESSED
CONCRETE
4.01 Types of
Processed
Concrete
4.02 Aggregates for
Light-weight
Conc.
1. CEMENTING 3. CONCRETE
MATERIALS
1.01 Lime
1.02 Gypsum 3.04 SLUMP TEST
1.03 Cement
4. PROCESSED
No
CONCRETE SLUMP slump
4.01 Types of Collapsed
Processed slump
Concrete
4.02 Aggregates for
Light-weight
Conc.
1 foot
3.06 Mixing scientific method.
3.07 Transporting
and Placing
3.08 Shrinkage In this method, the
3.09 Curing
3.10 Admixtures aggregates are measured
3.11 Forms by loose volume, that is, 1 foot
4. PROCESSED
CONCRETE
4.01 Types of
Processed
Concrete
4.02 Aggregates for
Light-weight
Conc.
1. CEMENTING 3. CONCRETE
MATERIALS
1.01 Lime
1.02 Gypsum 3.06 MIXING OF CONCRETE
1.03 Cement
4. PROCESSED
CONCRETE
4.01 Types of
Processed
Concrete
4.02 Aggregates for
Light-weight
Conc.
1. CEMENTING 3. CONCRETE
MATERIALS
1.01 Lime
1.02 Gypsum 3.07 TRANSPORTING AND PLACING OF CONCRETE
1.03 Cement
4. PROCESSED
CONCRETE
4.01 Types of
Processed
Concrete
4.02 Aggregates for
Light-weight
Conc.
1. CEMENTING 3. CONCRETE
MATERIALS
1.01 Lime
1.02 Gypsum 3.07 TRANSPORTING AND PLACING OF CONCRETE
1.03 Cement
2. STORAGE OF In order that the hardening may proceed favorably, the fresh
CEMENT
concrete, for about 7 days after placing, should be protected
3. CONCRETE
3.01 Definition
from, excessive vibration, loads, extreme heat or cold, too
3.02 Qualities rapid drying, and contact with impurities which may interfere
of Good
Concrete
with the chemical action.
3.03 Materials of
Concrete
3.04 Slump Test The strength of the concrete increases with age when the
3.05 Proportioning
3.06 Mixing curing conditions remains favorable.
3.07 Transporting
and Placing
3.08 Shrinkage
3.09 Curing
3.10 Admixtures
3.11 Forms
4. PROCESSED
CONCRETE
4.01 Types of
Processed
Concrete
4.02 Aggregates for
Light-weight
Conc.
1. CEMENTING 3. CONCRETE
MATERIALS
1.01 Lime
1.02 Gypsum 3.09 CURING OF CONCRETE
1.03 Cement
4. PROCESSED
CONCRETE
4.01 Types of
Processed
Concrete
4.02 Aggregates for
Light-weight
Conc.
1. CEMENTING 3. CONCRETE
MATERIALS
1.01 Lime
1.02 Gypsum 3.09 CURING OF CONCRETE
1.03 Cement
4. PROCESSED
CONCRETE
4.01 Types of
Processed
Concrete
4.02 Aggregates for
Light-weight
Conc.
1. CEMENTING 3. CONCRETE
MATERIALS
1.01 Lime
1.02 Gypsum 3.10 ADMIXTURES
1.03 Cement
4. PROCESSED
CONCRETE
4.01 Types of
Processed
Concrete
4.02 Aggregates for
Light-weight
Conc.
1. CEMENTING 3. CONCRETE
MATERIALS
1.01 Lime
1.02 Gypsum 3.10 ADMIXTURES
1.03 Cement
2. STORAGE OF
CEMENT
b. PLYWOOD FORMS
3. CONCRETE Works best where a smooth surface is required. The
3.01 Definition plywood should be waterproof, Grade A and at least
3.02 Qualities
of Good 12mm () thick.
Concrete
3.03 Materials of
Concrete c. STEEL FORMS
3.04 Slump Test
3.05 Proportioning Steel forms may be in the form of pans for concrete joist
3.06 Mixing
3.07 Transporting construction or steel decking or corrugated steel for
and Placing
3.08 Shrinkage
concrete slabs and slab-and-joist construction. .
3.09 Curing
3.10 Admixtures
3.11 Forms d. PLASTIC FORMS
4. PROCESSED Polystyrene forms are now
CONCRETE
4.01 Types of available for concrete work.
Processed
Concrete
4.02 Aggregates for
Light-weight
Conc.
1. CEMENTING 4. PROCESSED CONCRETE
MATERIALS
1.01 Lime
1.02 Gypsum 4.01 TYPES OF PROCESSED CONCRETE
1.03 Cement
2. STORAGE OF
CEMENT
a. AEROCRETE
3. CONCRETE This is a lightweight, expanded structural concrete
3.01 Definition produced by adding a small amount of metallic
3.02 Qualities
of Good aluminum powder to the mixture of Portland cement
Concrete
3.03 Materials of
and sand of cinders.
Concrete
3.04 Slump Test On the addition of water, a gas is generated which
3.05 Proportioning
3.06 Mixing expands the wet mix and forms small air cells
3.07 Transporting throughout the material.
and Placing
3.08 Shrinkage
3.09 Curing It is used for structural floor and roof slabs, partition
3.10 Admixtures
3.11 Forms blocks for sound proofing, wall insulation, in rooms of
4. PROCESSED
refrigerator plants, lightweight fill on top of structural
CONCRETE floor and roof slabs.
4.01 Types of
Processed In addition to its light weight, it has excellent fire-
Concrete
4.02 Aggregates for resistive qualities.
Light-weight
Conc.
1. CEMENTING 4. PROCESSED CONCRETE
MATERIALS
1.01 Lime
1.02 Gypsum 4.01 TYPES OF PROCESSED CONCRETE
1.03 Cement
2. STORAGE OF
CEMENT
b. GUNITE
3. CONCRETE This is the mixture of sand and cement deposited under
3.01 Definition high pneumatic pressure with a machine manufactured
3.02 Qualities
of Good under the trade name CEMENT GUN, to which the
Concrete
3.03 Materials of required supply of water is added just before the dry
Concrete constituents emerge from nozzle.
3.04 Slump Test
3.05 Proportioning
3.06 Mixing GUNITE is used for encasing structural steel, when
3.07 Transporting
and Placing reinforced, for floor and roof slabs and curtain walls. Ideal
3.08 Shrinkage
3.09 Curing for swimming pool construction.
3.10 Admixtures
3.11 Forms
4. PROCESSED
CONCRETE
4.01 Types of
Processed
Concrete
4.02 Aggregates for
Light-weight
Conc.
1. CEMENTING 4. PROCESSED CONCRETE
MATERIALS
1.01 Lime
1.02 Gypsum 4.01 TYPES OF PROCESSED CONCRETE
1.03 Cement
2. STORAGE OF c. PORETE
CEMENT
3. CONCRETE A Portland cement concrete to which a chemical foam
3.01 Definition is added to generate gases in the process of
3.02 Qualities
of Good deposition, resulting in light weight precast or shop-
Concrete
3.03 Materials of made unit in both hollow and solid forms. It is
Concrete manufactured in solid slabs for short spans roofs and
3.04 Slump Test
3.05 Proportioning siding of industrial buildings.
3.06 Mixing
3.07 Transporting
and Placing
3.08 Shrinkage d. HAYDITE
3.09 Curing
3.10 Admixtures
3.11 Forms This is processed concrete added with lightweight
4. PROCESSED aggregate .
CONCRETE
4.01 Types of
Processed
Concrete
4.02 Aggregates for
Light-weight
Conc.
1. CEMENTING 4. PROCESSED CONCRETE
MATERIALS
1.01 Lime
1.02 Gypsum 4.02 AGGREGATES FOR LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE
1.03 Cement
4. PROCESSED
Lightweight plaster has less tendency to crack and its heat
CONCRETE resistance makes it a good material for fireproofing
4.01 Types of
Processed
structural steel
Concrete
4.02 Aggregates for
Light-weight
Conc.
1. CEMENTING 4. PROCESSED CONCRETE
MATERIALS
1.01 Lime
1.02 Gypsum 4.02 AGGREGATES FOR LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE
1.03 Cement
2. STORAGE OF
CEMENT
The cost of raw aggregates is higher than for gravel,
rock, and sand because of small production facilities
3. CONCRETE
3.01 Definition
and the additional processing that is sometimes
3.02 Qualities necessary .
of Good
Concrete
3.03 Materials of Concrete using lightweight aggregate should not weigh
Concrete more than 75% of ordinary concrete. Since the
3.04 Slump Test
3.05 Proportioning aggregates compromise about 50 percent of the usual
3.06 Mixing
3.07 Transporting mixes, its weight should not be more than 50 percent of
and Placing that of rock or gravel aggregates for the same volume.
3.08 Shrinkage
3.09 Curing Grade rock, gravel aggregates weigh a little less than
3.10 Admixtures
3.11 Forms 100 lbs. per cu. ft. thus a good lightweight aggregate
4. PROCESSED should weigh less than 50 lbs. per cubic foot.
CONCRETE
4.01 Types of
Processed
Concrete
4.02 Aggregates for
Light-weight
Conc.
1. CEMENTING 4. PROCESSED CONCRETE
MATERIALS
1.01 Lime
1.02 Gypsum 4.02 AGGREGATES FOR LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE
1.03 Cement
2. STORAGE OF
CEMENT
b. Micaceous minerals
3. CONCRETE
Vermiculite is a micaceous mineral which expands on
3.01 Definition
3.02 Qualities application of heat to as much as 30 times its original
of Good
Concrete
volume.
3.03 Materials of
Concrete Dried ground ore is subjected to about 1,800 degrees
3.04 Slump Test
3.05 Proportioning heat for 4 to 8 seconds, after which it weighs only 6 to
3.06 Mixing
3.07 Transporting 12 lbs. per cubic ft.
and Placing
3.08 Shrinkage
3.09 Curing It is used as an aggregate in concrete fireproofing
3.10 Admixtures
3.11 Forms
steel, for floor and roof fill, and for acoustic and
fireproof plaster.
4. PROCESSED
CONCRETE
4.01 Types of
Processed
Concrete
4.02 Aggregates for
Light-weight
Conc.
1. CEMENTING 4. PROCESSED CONCRETE
MATERIALS
1.01 Lime
1.02 Gypsum 4.02 AGGREGATES FOR LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE
1.03 Cement