Bio-Diesel.

Presented By :-
Bharat Chawla.
Before We Take a look over the issues related
to Bio diesel let us take a brief introduction
about Indian Economy.
 Brief Introduction about Indian Economy.

• GDP :- $3.319 Trillion (PPP) (2008 est.)

• GDP Growth Rate :- 7.3 % (2008 est.)
• GDP by Sector :- Agriculture :- 17.2 %
Industry :- 29.1 %
Services :- 53.7 %
• Inflation :- 7.8 % (2008 est.)
• Total Population :- 1,147,995,904 (2008 est.)
• Population below Poverty Line :- 27.1 % (31,11,06,890)

Cont.
 Cont…

• Labour Force :- 52,35,00,000 (2008 est.)

• Labour Force Per Occupation :-
Agriculture :- 60% (2003 est.)
Industry :- 12 % (2003 est.)
Services :- 28 % (2003 est.)
• Unemployment percentage :- 6.8 % (about 3.6 Crore.)
• Exports :- $ 175.7 Billion F.O.B (2008 est.)
• Imports :- $ 287.5 Billion F.O.B (2008 est.)
 India Land Structure.
• India covers a land of 32,87,263 Sq Km.
Types of Land
Forest Land :- 23.37% ( 7,68,233.3 Sq.Km)
Protected Land :- 4.95% (1,56,700 Sq.Km)
Cultivated Land :- 54.7% (17,98,132 Sq.Km)
Barren Land :- 7.3% (2,39,970 Sq.Km)
Commercial Land :- 5.6% (1,84,086 Sq.Km)
Residential Land :- 4.1% (1,34,777 Sq.Km)
 Balance Deficit.
• Imports – Exports = Balance Deficit.
$ 287.5 Billion - $ 175.7 Billion = $111.8 Billion
Balance deficit for 2008 is $ 111.8 Billion

• Oil demand.
Year. Total demand. Total Expenditure.
2001-02 74.09 Million Tons. $12.9 Billion
2007-08 121.67 Million Tons. $61.72 Billion
Cont..
Cont..
• The Impact of the Growing Prices are Manifold. The
Bigger the Oil-Price Increase and the Longer and
High Prices are Sustained, the Bigger the Macro-
economic impact on the Country
• According to Recent Forecast by Energy Economist
by IXIS-CIB, an Investment Bank had expected
crude prices rising to $380 a Barrel by 2015, or a
Six-Fold of Current Prices.
• India’s oil consumption
In 2007 2.8 million bbl/d
In 2008 3 million bbl/d
 Basic Problems in India.
• Population explosion: This monster is eating up into the
success of India. According to 2001 census of India, population of
India in 2001 was 1,028,610,328, growing at a rate of 2.11%
approx.
• Poverty: As per records of National Planning Commission,
27.1% of the Indian population was living Below Poverty Line in
1999-2000.
• Unemployment: The increasing population is pressing hard on
economic resources as well as job opportunities. Indian
government has started various schemes such as Jawahar Rozgar
Yojna, NREGA (National Rural Employment Guarantee Act.)
• Rural urban divide: It is said that India lies in villages, even
today when there is lots of talk going about migration to cities,
70% of the Indian population still lives in villages.
• We Have Gone Through the Indian Economy as
well as we have seen the Employment status and
also we have seen the Problem of Balance Deficit
and Problem of Domestic Use of Petrol and Diesel
and Robust Increase of Demand of Petrol and
Diesel as well. Now we can easily conclude that we
have to keep a check over the Oil Demand and we
need a Substitute for this Energy Demand. We
have Tremendous Land (Barren as well as
Protected) and Man Power, Now we can Analyze
over the Need Of the Hour.
 Need of The Hour.
• Use of Barren Land.
• Proper Use of Labour Force.
• Proper Allocation of Resources.
• Proper Utilization of Unemployed labour.
• To Keep a Check over Balance Deficit.
• To Keep a Check over Population Explosion.
• Try to Export our Basic Products that are very much
liked in Western Countries Like Khadi, Pashmina, Jari
and all that Traditional industries that are under worst
Hit in Now A Days. So that these industries will help our
traditions live in this Competitive Era.
• Decrease in Import of Crude oil. (Major share in Import Bills.)
There is a Question I have for all,
that is it possible for a Country like
India to achieve these goals.
 Yes We Can.
But Now The Question Is How

And The Answer is Bio diesel.

 What is Bio diesel.
• The concept dates back to 1885 when Dr. Rudolf
Diesel built the first diesel engine with the full
intention of running it on vegetative source.
• He first displayed his engine at the Paris show of
1900 and astounded everyone when he ran the
patented engine on any hydrocarbon fuel available -
which included gasoline and peanut oil.
• Scientists discovered that the viscosity ( thickness)
of vegetable oils could be reduced in a simple
chemical process In 1970 and that it could work
well as diesel fuel in modern engine.
 Why Bio diesel.
• Bio Diesel is a substitute for diesel fuel : Bio diesel is
derived from the oils and fats of plants, like Karanj, Neem or
Jatropha.
• Bio Diesel is a alternative fuel : Bio diesel can be used in
diesel engines and provides power similar to conventional diesel
fuel.
• Bio Diesel is renewable : Bio diesel is domestically produced
liquid fuel that can help reduce the countries dependence on
foreign oil imports.
• Recent environmental and economic concerns (Kyoto Protocol)
have prompted resurgence in the use of bio diesel throughout the
world. In 1991, the European Community, (EC) Proposed a 90%
tax reduction for the use of bio fuels, including bio diesel.
• Today, 21 countries worldwide, produce Bio diesel.
 The Advantages of Bio Diesel.
• Energy Independence.
• Smaller Trade Deficit.
• Economic Growth.
• Cleaner Air.
• Less Global Warming.
 Some Hard Facts about Bio-Diesel.
• Bio Diesel is the most valuable form of renewable energy that can
be used directly in any existing, unmodified diesel engine.
• Bio Diesel fuel can be produced from oilseed plants such as Rape
seeds, Karanj, Neem and or JATROPHA CURCAS.
• Bio Diesel is environmental friendly and ideal for heavily polluted
cities.
• Bio Diesel is as biodegradable as salt.
• Bio Diesel produces 80% less carbon dioxide and 100% less sulfur
dioxide emissions. It provides a 90% reduction in cancer risks.
• Bio Diesel can be used alone or mixed in any ratio with mineral oil
diesel fuel. The preferred ratio of mixture ranges between 5 to
20% (B5 - B20).
• Bio Diesel extends the life of diesel engines.
• Bio Diesel is cheaper then mineral oil diesel.
• Bio Diesel is conserving natural resources.
 Bio diesel Scenario in India.
• As India is deficient in edible oils, non-edible oil is
the main choice for producing biodiesel. According
to Indian government policy and Indian technology
effects. Some development works have been carried
out with regards to the production of transesterfied.
Non edible oil and its use in bio diesel by units such
as Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Tamilnadu
Agriculture University Coimbatore and Kumaraguru
College of Technology in association with Pan horti
consultants, Coimbatore.
 Locations for Jatropha Plantation in
India.
• Jharkhand
Bokaro, Chatra, Daltenganj, Devgarh, Dhanbad, Dumka, Garhwa, Godda,
Giridih, Gumla, Hazaribag, Jamshedpur, Koderma, Pakur, Palamu, Ranchi,
Sahibganj, Singbhum(East), Singbhum(West).
• Bihar
Araria, Aurangabad, Banka, Betiah (West Champaran), Bhagalpur, Gaya,
Jahanabad, Jamui, Kaimur, Latehar, Muzzaffarpur, Munger, Nawada

• Rajasthan
Ajmer, Alwar, Barmar, Bilwara, Bikaner, Churu, Chittorgarh, Jaisalmer,
Jodhpur, Kota, Sikar, Sawai Madhopur, Udaipur.

As Per Cost Basis.

 <- Jetropha plants
of 1 Year.

^ Jetropha plants
of 3 Years.
<- Jetropha Plants
of 5 Years.
 Total Expenses. (as per 1000 Hect.)
• Cost of Land :- 10,000*1,000 (1Crore.) (one time Investment)
• Cost of Cultivation :- 5,000*1,000 (50 Lakh.) (one time Investment)
• Cost of Maintenance :- 1,000*1,000 (10 Lakh.)
(Including 10 Fulltime Employee, Watering, Cleaning of Farm Per Year)
• Bee Keeping for Proper Pollination :- 10 Lakh.
(2 boxes Per Hect. Cost of 1 Box Rs.500).

Total Expenses on Per Year ending Basis:-

(Figures are Made on 1st Year :- 1.70 Crore.
approximation with 2nd Year :- 1.80 Crore.
no Interest Paid on 3rd Year :- 1.90 Crore.
Investment.) 4th Year :- 2 Crore.
 Production Per Year Basis.
• Plantation of Jatropha alone is not economically attractive, as there
is little income from it for first 2 to 3 years. As Jatropha plant is
initially small in height, Castor is intercropped with it in Fallow
Land, to get income and oil for first 2 to 3 years *
• Time Taken for Full Maturity. :- 4-5 Years
• Cost Per Kg. of Jatropha :- Rs. 10 Per Kg.
• Honey Produce Total :- 5*2000*200*2 =40 Lakh Per Year.
• (5 Kg Per Box*2000 Boxes*200 Rs Per Kg*2 Twice A Year)
• Production of Jatropha (For 1000 Hect.)
• 1st Year :- 250 Kg. *1000*10=25 Lakh.
• 2nd Year :-1,000 Kg.*1000*10=1 Crore.
• 3rd Year :- 2,500 Kg.*1000*10=2.5 Crore.
• 4th Year :- 5,000 Kg.*1000*10=5 Crore.
• 5th Year onwards :- 12,000 Kg.*1000*10=12 Crore .

Castor Can be used in Inter Cropping but the Stats are for Barren Land and in Barren
Land Castor is not much Successful. (Life Span of the Plant is 60
Years.)
 Total Earnings.
• 1st Year :- 25Lakh.+40Lakh = 65 Lakh.
• 2nd Year :-1Crore.+40Lakh = 1.4Crore.
• 3rd Year :- 2.5Crore.+40Lakh = 2.9Crore.
• 4th Year :- 5Crore.+40Lakh=5.4Crore.
• 5th Year :- 12Crore.+40Lakh=12.4Crore.

• 60th Year :- 12Crore.+40Lakh=12.4Crore.

(figures are according to Today’s Prices with No Inflation Rate Added or
Not Expecting Any Change in the Price of the crop Yield)

All Investment is Recovered By The End of 2 nd Year.

 Uses of Jatropha.
• Making of Paints, Dyes.
• Making of Candles.
• Used as Fossil Fuel.
• Used in Medicines for Paralysis, Joint Pain,
Arthritis.
• Used for the Development of Land.
• Used in the Production of Soap, Lubricant.
• Used For the Production of diesel.
• Used in The Bio-Gas Plant and By-Product in Bio-
Gas Plant is also used as Bio-fertilizer.

(Even the By-Product is Not a sheer waste it is the Best Source for Bio-Fertilizer.)
 The Process of Preparing Bio diesel.
• The process of converting vegetable oil into bio diesel fuel is called
Transesterification and is luckily less complex than it sounds.
• Chemically, Transesterification means taking a triglyceride
molecule, or a complex fatty acid, neutralizing the free fatty acids,
removing the glycerin, and creating an alcohol ester.
• The final product Bio Diesel fuel, when used directly in a Diesel
Engine will burn up to 75%.
• Only 40% of the Whole Product are Fatty acids and are can be
Extracted but the other 60% of the whole by-product is used as
bio-Fertilizer and the market rate of Bio-fertilizer is Rs.4000 Per
tons and the by product per hectare is 8 Tons. And even the whole
green leaves as well as dry leaves are used as feed of Live stock. So
the bio-fertilizer per hectare is somewhere about Rs.32000. so if
we calculate it for 1000 hectare it will give us roughly 3 Crore
from 6th Year.
A Small Scale Bio diesel Plant.
 Technological Partners.
• Energea, Lurgi, Novamont, Comprimo, Vogel
and Noot etc..
• IICT Hyderabad, IIP Dehradun, Punjab
University, IITs, CSMCRI, Tamilnadu
University, Oil India Limited etc.

• Ballestra (Italy), BDT Bio diesel Technologies

(Austria), Bio diesel Industries (U.S)., Bio diesel
International (U.S), Biosource Fuels, LLC (U.S).,
BIOX Corporation (Canada), Crown Iron Works
Company (U.S). etc…
• Even that’s Not all it Will Help Not only our
Economy and Oil Need but Also Help us To Fight
Against Global Warming to Some sort and also it
helps us to use the Barren Land at The Most which
we have not expected in last 60 Years.

• And we have gone through the Profit Margins as well

and Last but not the Least we have Barren Land
about 2,39,970 Sq.Km. and if we are able to use only
the 50% of the land it will give our economy about
Rs.7500 Crore. as well as 4,80,000 tons of Diesel and
work to about 10,00,000 People (directly). and food
for about 40,00,000.

The End….
 Sources of Information.
• www.wikipedia.org
• www.jatrophabiodiesel.org
• www.svlele.com
• www.agricultureinformation.com
• Medicinal Plants by Gurmeet Singh.
• www.plantoils.in
• www.icar.org.in
• www.renulakshmibiofuels.com