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ñ Sameen Baree
ñ Anum Ghani
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0 he second largest livestock sector in Pakistan
after dairy farming.

0
eading towards the target and playing very vital role in the
provision of animal protein at very affordable prices as
compared to mutton and beef.

0 Plays an important role in meeting the nutrition needs for the

population at large in Pakistan.

0 he commercial poultry farming sector as a private sector

enterprise is moving with a phenomenal growth of 8-10% per
annum.

0 he achievement of this rapid growth was made to the

incentives granted by the government

0 Pakistan is the 2nd largest producer of Boiler Meat in the sub-

continent.
 Ô 




0 Per capita consumption increase 4% per

annum
0 GDP Share of Poultry 1.1%
0 n Agriculture GDP 4.8%
0 ontribution in total meat production 19%
0 Poultry Farms in the country 21674
0 Poultry Feed Mills 141
0 urrent investment Rs
200 billion
0 Directly or ndirectly connected people 1.5 million
 Ô

 |  
 
0 Poultry in Pakistan was kept as a backyard business
for household needs.

0 Prior to 1963 the native breed "Desi" was mainly rose which
produced a maximum of 73 eggs per year under local
conditions.

0 n early 60¶s; Pakistan nternational Airline in collaboration

with Shaver Poultry Breeding Farms started the first
commercial hatchery in Karachi.

0 1st commercial Feed Mill was started by Lever Brothers in

Rahim Yar Khan
 |
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0 Directorate of Poultry Production at Karachi,

0 he income tax exemption,

0 Liberal import of parent and grand parent stocks,

0 Machinery and equipment,

0 Free export of poultry and its products.

 |
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0 he Federal Poultry Board established

0 Research services were introduced.

0 A dramatic increase in poultry production resulted due to

diverted investments form the nationalization of industries in
other sectors.

0 At the same time the clustering of production units led to large

disease outbreaks and the lack of marketing facilities due to
ban on export of poultry products limited industry growth.

his phase is characterized by both the greatest success of the

poultry industry and its greatest failure.
 |
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0 A policy to attract investment in poultry farming by
offering estate land under ten year leases.

0 ommercial egg production and Broiler production

increased in this period.

0 Serious financial setbacks to poultry farming in

Pakistan.

0 Formation the Pakistan Poultry Association in 1979

on the advice of the Federal Poultry Board.
 |
+ 



d
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0 Disease problems posed a serious threat to the sound
development and consolidation of the industry.

0 he large Karachi poultry estates began to close in 1984 and

a number of poultry farms closed in other areas of Sindh.

0 Production showed a decreased growth or even depression

during early 1980 particularly of increases in the Punjab,
Baluchistan and NWFP.

0 Faced with disease problems, lower productivity and

numerous environmental and climatic difficulties, some of
more successful farmers decided to produce under more
modernized conditions and to establish their poultry farms in
cooler, less polluted area of the country.
 "" 
,
0 1990 -
ydro pericardium syndrome.

0 1991-92 - Gumboro attacked the chicks of broiler,

layer and parent flock that resulted in great
mortality.

0 At national level institutes done efforts to reduce these

diseases.

0 1995 - Avian nfluenza appeared and mortality in

parent flock rose up to 80%.
 "" 
,
0 1996 - Parent flock increased in number due to absence of
planning.

0 1997 - Ban on serving of dinner in marriage parties that

reduced the demand of poultry products in the
market up to 40%.

0 1998 - t started improving and by increase in price of chick

the companies got a great profit.

0 1999 - Again a syndrome like influenza broke that cause

great loss in some areas while some areas were safe.

0 2006 - Bird Flu broke out again due to which 40% of the
industry was destroyed.
 Ô!
|  
 
0 Poultry produced in Pakistan is being developed
through two management systems i.e.

0 

  
 
0 -     


0 Now the investment and incentives have resulted in the

establishment of infrastructure comprising of:

±
atcheries (no.) 285

± apacity to produced day old chicks 600 m
0 Broilers 574 m
0 Layers 26 m
± Feed Mills (no.) 141
± Feed production 5
m/tons
± Poultry farms (no.) 21674
 Ô!
|  

 
0 he present total poultry population is estimated 518 million
Out of which:

0 Rural 227.92 m 44%

0 Broilers 259.0 m 50%
0 Layers 25.9 m 5%
0 Breeding stock 5.18 m 1%
 Ô


|  
 




0 Backbone of poultry industry.
0 ggs are placed in incubators for 21 days and day old
chicks sold to the farming sector.
0 ts establishment requires significant investment.

( |   
 

0 Rearing of poultry birds / chicks for meat and eggs is
classified as poultry farming.
0 t is labor intensive and requires investment for working
capital mainly for the purchase of feed, chick, vaccination, etc.
 Ô


|  
 
0 Poultry farming can further be classified into
following three categories:

± Breeder Farming
± Layer Farming
± Boiler Framing

) 



0 Major expense ion poultry industry.
0 Feed mills requires huge investments for
development
of infrastructure.
 Ômportant breeds´
0 Some of the important breeds are:
± Buff rock,
± Leghorn,
± Light Sussex,
± Rhodes sland red
± Fayoumi
± Dhoki
± Red
Ô 
|  
 
0 he shortage of animal protein in Pakistan has been
estimated about 1.5 million tons on the basis of
population of 140 million, which is decreasing due to
poultry.

0 t has proved to be a profitable business and is a

good source of cheap, palatable and nutritious food
protein.

0 Poultry is being an easy and relatively cheap

method of raising the dietary standards of the
people.
 Ô&'.
| 

Poultry feed comprises of grains, such as;

0 Wheat, rice, maize, sorghum 55

to 60%
0 anola meal 12 %
0 Soybean meal 5-8 %
0 Rice polished 10 %
0 Guar meal 4-5 %
0 Sunflower meal 4-5 %
0 Limestone and di-calcium
phosphate 3-4 %
0 Millet 3-4 %
0 Fish meal 3-4 %
 Ô

0



he most important factor in poultry production is the
ratio between the feed and egg/meat.

0 Different feeds give different results in terms of growth

and egg production.

0 Layers eat only to satisfy their body's energy.

0 hicks eat less feed in hot weather than when they do

when it is cold.

0 he Pakistan Standard nstitute has already adopted

nutritional standards of poultry feed though most of the feed
manufacturers do not work to any standard of quality.
 Ô

 


/
  0'''!1
(''' #($
(''( ( (&
(''+ ) ''
(''# +'''
(''& $ ''
source: Pakistan poultry association
 Distribution
process
0 he distribution process consist of three
players:

0 Producers

0 ommission agent

0 Retailers
Distributive margins
±
commission agent
0 he net distributive margins are highest for commission
agent.

± otal marketing margins Rs 6.25 per

kg
± otal marketing cost Rs 0.375 per kg
± Profit (% of sale price) 14.90 %
(% of purchase price) 12.70 %

± otal ost 6 %
± Net Profit 94 %
 ÔDistributive margin´ ±
ÔRetailers´
Last functionary in the marketing system.

± otal marketing margin Rs 3.75/kg

± otal marketing cost Rs
0.25/kg
± Profit (% of sales price) 7 %
(% of purchase price) 7.57
%

± Share in ost 6.67

%
± Profit Margin 93.33 %
 ÔPoultry Production´
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Ô58 

0 1978 - xport of poultry products
started

0 1979-80 - ncreased by 102%

0 Started declining in the following

years due to severe competition
from the countries having big home
markets.

0 2006-07 exports declined to $

4,55,000 from $16,01,000 (71.58%)
  






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8  
 ÔReasons for Decrease in
xports´
0 Global ompetition
0 Disease Attacks
0 Lack of Refrigerated argo
0 Non-Availability of Space for Day-Old-
hick
0
igh Air Freight harges
0 Lack of Subsidy for xports
 Ô:

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0 Approval of Rs. 5 billion interest free loan by FPB to farm
owner affected by bird flu crisis.
0 Proposal of interest free loans to small and medium sized
farm owners for 10 years.
0 he board proposed special loaning facility to be provided on
low mark up for establishing of egg processing plants.
0 he board recommend that wapda should provide subsidized
electricity to poultry farm houses.
0 Poultry vaccines , feed additives has been allowed at zero
percent custom duty.
0 xport poultry zones in the poultry intensive areas has been
planned.
0 12 laboratories have been established for surveillance
diagnosis of A.
 ÔLinkages´
0 Backward 0 Forward
± Feed industry ± Feed industry
±
i- ech industry ± Fertilizers industry
± lectricity ± Pharma industry
± Fan industry ± Biscuit ndustry
± Paints and varnish
industry
± Book binding industry
± Wine clarification
± Leather industry
± extile industry
± Soap and shampoo
industry.
 Ô| <



0 he supply of feed is not nutritiously balanced as there is a

lack of feed quality control.

0 Poultry farms is not bound to any rules and regulations,

management and sanitary conditions and bio-security
measures are not being observed.

0 he scientific way of disposal of birds is either by burying

them in incinerator or by burying them deep in the ground in
the shape of disposal pits.
 Ô| <



0 Poultry farms are now being set up by big investors in closed

sheds and houses ventilated round-the-clock through fans
and coolers, posing a threat to subsistence farming.

0 he majority of farmers claim that intermediaries do not follow

business ethics and try to fetch maximum profit from business
transactions.

0 he sales tax on new poultry farms and 16 per cent GS on

the import of poultry-related equipment and materials has
compounded the situation.
 Ô




%
5

Some of the ommon Diseases are;

0 Newcastle Disease - affects the digestive, respiratory

and/or nervous systems.
0
ydropericardium - result of a retarded or interrupted
circulation.
0 Acute Bronchitis - large airways
0 Mycoplasmosis - respiratory disease
0 Aflatoxicosis - eating food contaminated with
mold
0 occidiosis - parasites that live in the gut wall
0 Gumboro - immune system
0 Bird Flu
Ô
 
0 n Karachi and its suburbs, due to these diseases,
death rate has gone up to hundred per cent.

0 t not only causes great losses directly to the poultry farmers

but also adversely affects other related sub-sectors indirectly.

0 he government had immediately killed all the birds at the two

poultry farms and kept the workers under observation unless
it proved that they were not affected from the fatal virus.

0 he poultry industry had suffered a big blow because of what

professionals called Ômedia hype´ about bird flu and sales of
chicken have dropped by 40 percent.

0 ´
 
   
 
{
  
 
 Ôd
|  
 
0 t serves as a source of income and employment to many and
it has good returns.

0 Poultry meat carries an advantage over red meat (beef and

mutton) in having less percentage of fat than either beef or
mutton, and is therefore, termed as non fattening and good
dietary source for the prevention of hardening of arteries - a
common ailment.
 Ô




|  
 
0 Disease are very common in the poultry chicken.

0 hese diseases affect very quickly and have a tremendous

effects on the growth of the birds.

0 he excess uses of meat also has ill-effects on the health of

their users, because the feed they eat contains lots of un-
hygienic ingredients.

0 Finding good quality, cheap protein is one of the challenges of

raising and keeping chickens.
 Ô-




0 uick disease diagnostic facilities.

0 mprovements in housing (sheds) and equipment can provide

a healthy atmosphere.

0 he use of disease-resistant stock, vaccination against

specific diseases and use of antibiotics and drugs in food and
drinking
water of the birds.

0 raining should be provided to the farmers regarding farm

management and other health issues.
 Ô-




0 he government should take measures to ensure that the
meat is disease free.

0 Processing plants should be made responsible for producing

hygienic, nutritious and healthy chicken meat.

0 Production of poultry meat as per international standards

should be ensured.

0 10% import duty and 16% sales tax on evaporative cooling

system must be with drawn to make the poultry business cost-
effective.
Ô-




0 nvestment to modernized the industry should be encouraged.

0 Fiscal incentives should be provided and long-term policies

should be made and implementation should be assured.

0 A committee of competent people should also be set up to

monitor this sector and help in bringing this industry at par
with the international level.

0
ealth centers should be opened to provide veterinary

services.