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Dr. M. H. Rahbar
Professor of Biostatistics
Department of Epidemiology
Director, Data Coordinating Center
College of Human Medicine
Michigan State University
How do we measure association
between two variables?
1. For categorical E and D variables
Odds Ratio (OR)
Relative Risk (RR)
Risk Difference
20 2.7
30 2.9
50 3.4
45 3.0
10 2.2
30 3.1
40 3.3
25 2.3
50 3.5
20 2.5
10 1.5
55 3.8
60 3.7
50 3.1
35 2.8
Scatter Diagram
Scatter diagram is a graphical method to
display the relationship between two
variables
3.5
2.5
1.5
0.5
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Is there a linear relationship
between BMI and BW?
y = + x = 1.775351 + 0.0330187 x
99 8 65 1
100 8 69 1
Is there any association between age and CHD?
By categorizing the age variable we will be able to
answer the above question the Chi-Square test of
independence
Age Group by CHD
Age Group Coronary Heart Disease Total
(CHD)
Present Absent
40 years 7 32 39
>40 years 36 25 61
Total 43 57 100
Chi-Square Tests
1.0
.8
.6
.4
.2
0.0
-.2
10 20 30 40 50 60 70