STRESS ANALYSIS

&
PIPE SUPPORTS

1
 SUPPORTS
- The layout and design of piping and its supporting elements shall be
directed toward preventing following:

1. Piping stresses in excess of those permitted in code

2. Excessive thrusts and moments on the connected equipments

3. Excessive piping sag

4. Excessive interference with thermal expansion and contraction in

piping
2
How to decide the support
location ?

3
How to decide the type
support ?

4
- Mainly four types of supports are available.
1. Simple resting.
2. Guide
3. Axial Restrain
4. Anchor
- Again some more supports are available.
1. Spring Constant and Variable Support

2. Hanger Supports.

5
6
7
8
STRESS ANALYSIS

9
 BASIC REQUIREMENTS

- Piping system shall have sufficient flexibility to prevent thermal

expansion or contraction or movements of piping supports and
terminals from causing

1. Failure of piping or supports from overstress.

2. Detrimental stresses in piping or in connected equipment (pump

and turbines etc.) resulting from excessive thrusts and moments in
the piping.

10
When Analysis Required?
Or
Which system need to be
analyzed?

11
 Types of Stresses
&
Allowable Limits as per Code

12
Stresses in Pipe

- Hoop stress or Circumferential stress due to Internal pressure.

- Longitudinal stress due to Internal pressure and weight.

- Thermal stress due to temperature gradient.

Allowable Stresses

- Hoop stress Allowable stress as per table A-1

- Longitudinal stress Allowable stress as per table A-1

- Thermal stress Thermal stress range SA as defined in the code.

13
Thermal stress range SA

SA = f (1.25 Sc + 0.25 Sh)

Where,

f stress range reduction factor from table 302.3.5

Sc basic allowable stress at minimum metal temperature

expected during the displacement cycle under analysis.

Sh basic allowable stress at maximum metal temperature

expected during the displacement cycle under analysis.

14
Hydrostatic stress

Allowable stress during hydro testing is 1.33 Sc because at hydro

test we are testing the system to withstand near the Yield.

15
Load on Equipment Nozzles

16
Sample Calculation

Force coming on end Nozzle.

Carbon steel pipe of 600mm OD with 10mm thickness at a temperature

of 300 c.

E = 26.85 Msi ( 1.888 x 104 kg/mm2) from ASME B 31.3 Table C6

Thermal expansion = 3.625 x 10-3 mm/mm (from Table C1)

A = pi / 4 x (6002 5802) = 18535.4 mm2

P = 18535.4 x 1.888 x 104 x 3.625 x 10-3

= 1269 tons 17
Allowable Nozzle Loading

1. WRC 107/297 for Equipments.

2. API 610 for Pumps.

3. NEMA 23 for Turbines (National Electrical Manufacturers

Association).

4. API 617, 619 for Compressors.

5. API 596 for Air Coolers.

18
Failures

1. Catastrophic Failure

2. Fatigue Failure

Static Analysis

1. Sustained Condition

2. Expansion Condition

19
Means of providing Flexibility

20
Caesar Application for Analysis

21
22
Thank You

23