MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS 8/E

Raymond McLeod, Jr. and George Schell

Chapter 1
Introduction to the Computer-Based
Information System

1-1
Copyright 2001 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
 JADWAL KULIAH
Pertemuan 1. Pendahuluan
Pertemuan 2. Chap 1,2
Pertemuan 3. Chapter 6 dan 7
Pertemuan 4. Presentasi Human Resource Information System
Pertemuan 5. Presentasi Financial Information System
Pertemuan 6. Presentasi Accounting Information System
Pertemuan 7. Presentasi Manufacturing Information System
UTS
Pertemuan 9. Presentasi Marketing Information System
Pertemuan 10. Presentasi Management Information System
Pertemuan 11. Presentasi Decision Support System
Pertemuan 12. Presentasi Enterprise Information System
Pertemuan 13. Presentasi Executive Information System
Pertemuan 14. Chapter 3,4,14,
Pertemuan 15. Chapter 18,5
UAS
 Information Management

Information:
The most valuable resource

1-3
 Five Main Resources

Personnel
Material
Machines

(including facilities and energy)

Money
} Physical

Information (and data) } Conceptual

1-4
 How Resources are Managed

Acquire
Assemble, or prepare
Maximize use
Replace

1-5
 Factors Stimulating Interest in
Information Management
Increasing complexity of business activity
International economy
Worldwide competition
Increasing complexity of technology
Shrinking time frames
Social constraints
Improved computer capabilities
Size
Speed 1-6
 Who are the Users?

Managers
Nonmanagers
Persons & organizations in the firms
environment

1-7
 The Influence of Management
Level on Information Source

Strategic planning level Environmental

Management control level

Operational control level Internal

1-8
 The Influence of Management
Level on Information Form

Strategic planning level Summary

Management control level

Operational control level Detail

1-9
 Managers Can Be Found on All
Levels and in All Functional
Areas of the Firm
Strategic planning level

Management Control Level

Operational Control
Level

Finance Human Information Manufacturing Marketing

Function Resources Services Function Function
Function Function
1-10
 What Managers do --
Fayols Functions
Strategic Management Operational
Planning Level Control Level Control Level

Plan Organize Direct

Direct Plan Control
Control
Staff Staff Staff
Control Organize
Organize Direct Plan

1-11
 What Managers do --
Mintzbergs Roles
Interpersonal roles Decisional roles
Figurehead Entrepreneur
Leader Disturbance
Liaison handler
Informational roles Resource allocator
Monitor Negotiator
Disseminator
Spokesperson
1-12
 Management Skills

Communications

Problem solving } How can an

information
specialist help?

1-13
 1-14
Problem Solving Information

External Sources

Business Meals
Tours
Oral Media
Comes in Many Forms

Voice Mail
Telephone
Unscheduled Meetings

Problem Solving
Scheduled Meetings
Internal Sources

Periodicals
Written Media
Electronic mail
Letters & Memos
Noncomputer reports
Computer Reports
 Management Knowledge

Computer literacy

Information literacy

Whats the difference?

1-15
 System Components
Component parts of a system that
can control its own operations

Objectives

Control
mechanism

Input Transformation Output

1-16
 Open-Loop System

Input Transformation Output

1-17
 Open versus Closed Systems

Open system
Connected to its environment by means of
resource flows
Closed system
Not connected to its environment

1-18
 Systems
Can Be Composed of Subsystems or Elemental Parts
System

Subsystem A Subsystem B Elemental

Part C

Subsystem A-1 Subsystem B-1

Subsystem A-2 Subsystem B-2

Elemental
Subsystem A-3
part B1 1-19
Physical and Conceptual Systems

Physical system
The business firm
Composed of physical resources
Conceptual system
Represents a physical system
Uses conceptual resources
Information
Data

1-20
 A Systems View
Business operations are embedded within a
larger environmental setting
Reduces complexity
Requires good objectives
Emphasizes working together
Acknowledges interconnections
Values feedback

1-21
 Data and Information

Information processor
Key element in the conceptual system
Computer
Noncomputer
Combination
Data is the raw material transformed into
information

1-22
 Evolution of the CBIS
Data Processing (DP)
Management Information Systems (MIS) 1964
IBM promoted the concept as a means of selling disk
files and terminals
Decision Support Systems (DSS) 1971
Text books distinction:
MIS: Organizational/group - general
DSS: Individual - specific
Office Automation (OA) 1964
Artificial Intelligence (AI)/ Expert Systems
(ES) - 1990s
Heavy investment by businesses 1-23
 The CBIS Model
Computer-based
Information System
(CBIS)

Problem Accounting
Information System

Information Management
Decisions Information System

Decision Support
Systems

Problem
The Virtual
Solution Office

Knowledge-based
Systems 1-24
 Information Services

Information specialists have

full-time responsibility for
developing and maintaining
computer-based systems

1-25
 Traditional Communication Chain
Database
Administrator

Systems Operator
User Analyst
Programmer Computer

Network
Specialist

1-26
 End-User Computing (EUC)

End-user computing
Development of all or part of applications
Information specialists act as consultants
Stimulants to EUC
Increased computer literacy
IS backlog
Low-cost hardware (the PC)
Prewritten software (electronic spreadsheets)
1-27
 IS and EUC
The End-User Computing
Communication Chain

Information
Specialists

Support

Communication

User Computer
1-28
 Justifying the CBIS

Justify in the same manner as any other

large investment
Economic
Cost reduction
Reduced inventory investment
Increased productivity (CAD/CAM)
Noneconomic
Perceived value
1-29
Achieving the CBIS

1-30
 Reengineering the CBIS

Business Process Reengineering (BPR)

Reworking systems
Good system features retained
Becoming development methodology of
choice

1-31
 Roles Played by the Manager
and by the Information Specialist
Phase Manager Information Specialist

Planning Define problem Support

Analysis Control System Study

Design Control Design system

Implementation Control Implement system

Use Control Make available

1-32
 Summary

Information is one of five main resources

Computer output used by managers and
nonmanagers
A system is an integration of elements
working toward an objective
Physical
Conceptual
Data vs. Information
1-33
 Summary [cont.]

CBIS composed of various components

AIS
MIS
DSS
Virtual office
Knowledge-based systems
End-user computing trends
CBIS development
1-34
 Topik Presentasi
Human Resource Information System
Financial Information System
Manufacturing Information System
Accounting Information System
Marketing Information System
Management Information System
Decision Support System
Enterprise Information System
Executive Information System