ROLE OF ULDC SCHEMES

FOR
MODERNISATION OF
POWER SYSTEM OPERATION
A k Mishra
CM LD&C
UNIFIED LOAD DESPATCH & COMMUNICATION
(ULDC) SCHEMES

POWERGRID IS IMPLEMENTING ULDC SCHEMES

IN ALL THE FIVE REGIONS
WITH STATE OF THE ART
ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
AND
DEDICATED COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
 OBJECTIVES
REAL TIME MONITORING & CONTROL OF POWER SYSTEM
OPERATION

REAL TIME ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

* OPERATION SCHEDULING
* POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS
* OPTIMUM LOAD GENERATION BALANCE

DYNAMIC PLANNING FOR RELIABLE SYSTEM OPERATION

REAL TIME EVALUATION OF IMPACT OF POSSIBLE

CONTINGENCIES ON THE SYSTEM

PREVENTIVE ACTION TO ENSURE SYSTEM STABILITY

 QUICK RESTORATION OF GRID IN CASE OF
DISTURBANCE
COORDINATED CONTROL OF MAVR & LOAD FLOW TO
MAINTAIN OPTIMUM VOLTAGE & FREQ. PROFILES
OPERATION OF SYSTEM AT ITS FULL CAPACITY
THROUGH CONTINUOUS CONTINGENCY ANALYSIS
EFFICIENT, RELIABLE & SECURED OPERATION OF
GRID WITH ALL SYSTEM PARAMETERS & NETWORK
CONDITIONS UPDATED EVERY 15 SEC
REAL TIME ENVIRONMENT FOR TRAINING
DESPATCHERS TO COPE WITH CONTINGENCIES
 State of Art SCADA Tools

Data Dissemination
Reasonability of Data
Failsoft Capability
RTU Data Acquisition
Data Exchange
Data Processing
Sequence-of-Events Recording
Supervisory Control
Information Storage and Retrieval
 State of Art SCADA Tools
Data Acquisition & Processing
RTU Database Downloading
Backup Channel Monitoring
Alarm & Limit Monitoring
Data Exchange
Network Status Processor
Sequence of Events (SOE)
Supervisory Control & Control Action Monitoring
Time Synchronization
Disturbance Data Collection ISR System
Real Time Database Dump
Network Management System
 State-of-Art EMS Tools

Generation Tools
Power system Analysis Tools
Operations Scheduling (Planning) Tools
 GENERATION CONTROL TOOLS
OPERATIONS MONITOR

AUTOMATIC GENERATION CONTROL

ECONOMIC DESPATCH
RESERVE MONITORING
LOAD SHED SUPPORT
PRODUCTION STATISTICS
POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS TOOLS
POWER SYSTEM MODEL UPDATE

STATE ESTIMATION
TRANSMISSION LOSS SENSITIVITY FACTOR
CONTINGENCY ANALYSIS
OPTIMUM POWER FLOW (OPF)
 OPERATIONS SCHEDULING TOOLS
LOAD FORECASTING (LF)
INFLOW FORECASTING (IF)
UNIT COMMITMENT (UC)
HYDRO SCHEDULING (HS)
HYDRO-THERMAL COORDINATION (HTC)
INTERCHANGE SCHEDULING (IS)
INTERCHANGE TRANSACTION EVALUATION (ITE)
CURRENT OPERATING PLAN (COP)
OUTAGE SCHEDULER (OS)
 BENEFITS OF ULDC SCHEMES

Improvement in the power quality

Minimization of power cuts
Prevention of same customer/area being
sheded
Prevention of imminent blackouts
Utilization of surplus power available in
one area/region to meet the deficit of
other areas/region
SUMMARY OF ULDC COMMUNICATION SCHEMES IN
VARIOUS REGIONS
Region No. of No. of FO Length PABX
MW Hops FO Links (Km)
NR 78 50 2142 27

SR 35 28 2324 64

NER 12 17 964 6

ER 47 11 1248 57

WR 0 15 Over head 1975 Over head 10 (not

8 Under ground 518 Under ground final)
SUMMARY OF ULDC SCHEMES IN VARIOUS REGIONS

Region Schedule Cost(in Crores)

NR June 2002 661.27

SR June 2002 707.77

NER Dec 2003 267.35

ER Dec 2004 290.01

WR Feb 2005 262.18

NLDC 2007/8
 DETAILS OF CONTROL CENTRE AND RTUs
CONTROL CENTRE RTU
REGION SLDC/ SUBLDC MC NEW EXISTING TOTAL
RSCC
NR 9 24 0 285 84 369

ER 6 12 1 164 28 192

NER 4 0 4 66 0 66
WR 5 6 0 120 37 157

SR 6 9 0 201 66 267

TOTAL 29 51 5 836 215 1041

SLDC STATE LOAD DISPATCH CENTRE MC MONITORING CENTRE

SUBLDC AREA LOAD DISPATCH CENTRE

 TYPICAL HIERARCHICAL CONTROL CENTRE SETUP
REGIONAL LOAD
DESPATCH
CENTRE
NRLDC WRLDC ERLDC SRLDC NERLDC

STATE LOAD
DESPATCH SLDC SLDC SLDC
CENTRE

AREA LOAD
DESPATCH
SUB LDC SUB LDC SUB LDC
CENTRE

REMOTE TERMINAL
UNIT RTU RTU RTU
(AT SUB-STATIONS &
GENERATING STNS)
 TYPICAL CONTROL CENTER CONFIGURATION

WORKSTATION
JUKE BASED DEVELOPMENT
BOX ICCP
SCADA /EMS ISR OPERATOR
COMMUNICATION
SERVER SERVER CONSOLE CONSOLE SERVER
WITH TWO CRT
LAN 1

FROM GPS
LAN 2 TIME SYNCH
SYSTEM TERMINAL SERVER NMS
CONSOLE
OPRATION
SCHEDULING
DUAL CFE
CONSOLE
COMMUNICATION COMMUNICATION
FRONT END FRONT END PERIPHERALS ROUTER
PROCESSOR PROCESSOR

SPLITTER 1
TO OTHER CONTROL CENTERS
MODEM
VIDEO PROJECTION SYSTEM CHENNEL
/ 2X64KBPS
MIMIC CONTROL BOARD TO RTUs
 Control System Hierarchy For Northern Region

RSCC Delhi RTUs - 36

SLDC SLDC SLDC SLDC SLDC SLDC SLDC SLDC CPCC

UPSEB HVPNL PSEB RSEB J&K BBMB HPSEB DVB Kanpur

Sub-LDC Sub-LDC Sub-LDC Sub-LDC Sub-LDC Sub-LDC Sub-LDC Sub-LDC

(RTUs) (RTUs) (RTUs) (RTUs) (RTUs) (RTUs) (RTUs) (RTUs) RTUs - 6

Moradabad Panipat Patiala Bhilwara Gladini Dadri Hamirpur Bawana

(17) (12) (12) (29) (8) (5) (8) (5)

Panki Narwana Jalandhar II Kota Bemina Ganguwal Kunihar Bamanauli

(13) (15) (20) (11) (8) (6) (8) (12)
Rishikesh Dadri Lalton Ratangarh Jalandhar I Gazipur
(27) (14) Kalan (12) (4) (8)
(8)
Sultanpur Panipat Gopalpur
(8) (5) (5)
(RTU-L)
Varanasi Panipat
(16) (RTU-L)
(RTU-L)
Chandigarh
(RTU-L) Minto Road
Lucknow
Unique Features of Northern Region ULDC Scheme
Three (3) Level Hierarchical Control centres
More than ten (10) electrical utilities involved
Highly Complex system First Time attempted in the world as a
Single Project
Dedicated communication Infrastructure
More than 30 control centres and 400 RTUs
Advance Despatcher training Simulator
Completed in record time of 3.5 years of first physical activity
Live Line Fibre Optic Cable Stringing
 Control System Hierarchy For Southern Region

RSCC
Bangalore RTUs - 22

SLDC SLDC, KEB SLDC SLDC

SCC CPCC
APSEB RTUs-43 TNEB KSEB Pondicherry Ghanapur

Sub-LDC Sub-LDC Sub-LDC

(RTUs) MMI (RTUs) (RTUs) RTUs - 15
Hyderabad Bangalore Chennai Kalamasse
(23) (25) ry (13)

Vijayawada Davangere Madurai Kannur

(20) (24) (10)
Hubli Erode Vidyuthi
Warangal (26) Bhavanam
(14) (7)
Cuddapah
(25)
Wideband Network Under Southern Region
System Coordination and Control Project
Ramagundam
Peddapally
Durshed
Jammikunta
Ch. Gutta Shapur Nagar Warangal Gazuwaka
Vidyut Soudha 36 134 Sub-LDC 11
Ghanapur 147 Visakapantam
Hydearbad 46
SWS
SLDC (400) 99 Tallapally 63 Kakinad
Srisailam 12 a
Bommur
LBPH Srisailam PH N Sagar PH
66
87 Bhimadole
17
VTPS
Karnool Vijayawada Sub-LDC

Hubli Sub-LDC 20
Somayajula Pally
76
Gooty
58
Ananthapur
Davanger Sub-LDC
98 Muddanur
57 Chinakam Pally Sub-LDC
(Cuddaph)
302

KPTCL SLDC Kumbalagodi Somanhally

Sriperabudur CHENNAI SLDC
BLORE RSCC 181 30
Salem 400 S.P. Koil
19 156
Kannur Sub- Salem 230 LEGEND
LDC Villianur
111
64 Pondicherry RSCC
Kozhokode B Neyveli-I SCC
Panruti
93 SLDC
Erode Sub-LDC Chidambaram
Trichur North
31 Ingur 140 Myladuthurai Sub-LDC/ SCC
Chalakudy Trichy 230
130 Pongalur RTU / Wideband location
26 Kovilvenni
Udumalpet Repeater Station
Kalamassery SLDC Thiruvarur F. O. Link (ULDC)
Adankottai Orthanadu
Vaikkam
Pallom Pudukottai Thirumayam F. O. Link (APTRANSCO)
Kayamkulam M.W. Link (ULDC)
Madurai Karaikudi
Kundara 400 Sivaganga
Paripally M.W. Link (TNEB)
Madurai
Trivandrum North
Sub-LDC
VSAT link (KPTCL)
Vidyuthi Bhavanam Colour Code
Sub-LDC C.S. links (ULDC)
Constituents links (ULDC)
APTRANSCO/TNEB links
File name : C:\sbr\ sr-geo1.ppt
(or) F:\ld&c\sr\sbr\ sr-geo1.ppt
 Control System Hierarchy For North Eastern Region

RSCC RTUs - 24
Shillong

SLDC SLDC SLDC SLDC SLDC SLDC SLDC

Assam Meghalaya Tripura Nagaland Manipur Mizoram Arunachal
Pradesh

RTUs - 26 RTUs - 9 RTUs - 8 RTUs - 6 RTUs -6 RTUs - 1

 Control System Hierarchy For Eastern Region

RSCC
Calcutta RTUs - 1

SLDC SLDC, SLDC SLDC

SLDC CPCC
Bihar Jharkhand Orissa West Bengal Maithon Ghanapur

Sub-LDC Sikkim
Sub-LDC
RTUs - 28 RTUs-13 (RTUs) RTUs - 24 RTUs - 24 MC
(RTUs)
Jayanagar Howrah
(15) (35)
NBU
Budhipadar
(12)
(14)
Meramandali
(20)
Bhubaneswar
(20)
 Control System Hierarchy For Western Region

RSCC
Mumbai RTUs - 12

SLDC SLDC SLDC SLDC

MC Goa CPCC
Maharastra Gujarat Madhya Pradesh Chhattishgarh Jabalpur
RTUs-22)

Sub-LDC Sub-LDC
(RTUs) (RTUs) RTUs - 4
RTUs - 20
Soja Bhopal
(18) (14)

Vav Indore
(18) (14)
Jetpur RTU-L
(17)
INTEREGIONAL TRANSFER BY END OF X PLAN (2007)

8200 MW
NER
2000 MW
500 MW 3000 MW

1000 MW
WR 3450 MW

ER
800 MW
1000 MW

200 MW
3000 MW
SR SYNCHRONOUS AC TIES 15650 MW
HVDC CONNECTIONS 7500 MW
THIS NECESSIATES CONTROL CENTRE
AT NATIONAL LEVEL
POWERGRIDHAVE ALREADY PREPARED

PRE-FEASIBILITY STUDY

FOR ESTABLISHING A

NATIONAL LOAD DESPATCH CENTRE (NLDC)

INTERCONNECTING ALL FIVE

REGIONAL LOAD DESPATCH CENTRE

 OBJECTIVE OF NLDC

ISSUES INVOLVING THREE OR MORE REGIONS

ADHERENCE TO GRID CODE AMONG REGIONS TO
FACILITATE SYNCHRONOUS OPERATION
INTER REGIONAL EXCHANGE OF POWER
COORDINATE INTER-COUNTRY EXCHANGES
SCHEDULING AND DESPATCH OF INTER REGIONAL IPPS
NATIONAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEM PLANNING
 ULTIMATE HIERARCHICAL CONTROL CENTRE SETUP

NATIONAL LOAD
DESPATCH ENTERE NLDC TO BE ESTABLISHED
BY 2007/ 2008

RLDC RLDC RLDC RLDC RLDC

SLDC SLDC SLDC

SUB LDC SUB LDC SUB LDC

RTU RTU RTU

 EMS FUNCTIONS - OPERATION SCHEDULING

Load Forecasting Unit

Inflow Forecasting Commitment

Hydro Current
Scheduling Operating
Plan
Outage Scheduling HTC

Interchange Transaction
Evaluation
Interchange Scheduling
 EMS FUNCTIONS LOAD GENERATION BALANCE

Current Operating
SCADA
Plan

Production Load Shed/

costing Automatic Restoration
Generation
Operation Control (AGC) Reserve
Monitoring Monitoring

Economic
Dispatch
 POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS SEQUENCE
SCADA Telemetry

Network Topology

Network model State Estimator

Available Control
List of Real time state
contingencies Base case violations

OPF
Contingencies on current state of
Base case control
system
recommendations

Contingency Analysis
Available Control
Post-contingency
violations

OPF
Post-contingency
control
recommendations
 DATA ACQUISITION PRINCIPLE FOR ULDC SCHEME
P Q
DS
P Q

SS P Q SS
DS DC SS DS
SS V F SS SS
SS SS SS SS

SS
SS V F SS SS
DS P Q DS
DS
SS
Q
O SS

THE PARAMETERS ARE MONITORED FOR

P MW Q MVAR O TAP POSITION FOLLOWING STATIONS :
Substations 220 KV and above
F FREQUENCY V VOLTAGE
132/110KV AC Interstate Tie lines and in loop of 220
SINGLE STATUS KV transmissions system
SS
ISOLATOR POSIITION, PROTECTION,
LOSS OF VOLTAGE Generating Station above 50MW capacity.

DOUBLE STATUS Significant stations identified by constituents

DS
CIRCUIT BREAKER POSITION
DIGITALCONTROL
DC
CIRCUIT BREAKER CONTROL