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Similar Figures
Ratios, proportions and scale
drawings
There are many uses of ratios and proportions.
We use them in map reading, making scale
drawings and models, solving problems.
The most recognizable use of ratios and
proportions is drawing models and plans for
construction. Scales must be used to
approximate what the actual object will be
like.
A ratio is a comparison of two quantities by
division. In the rectangles below, the ratio of
shaded area to unshaded area is 1:2, 2:4, 3:6,
and 4:8. All the rectangles have equivalent
shaded areas. Ratios that make the same
comparison are equivalent ratios.
Using ratios
1 x
15 = 675
15x = 675
x = 45 faculty
A ratio of one number
to another number is
the quotient of the
first number divided
by the second. (As long as
the second number 0)
A ratio can be written in a variety of ways.
a:b a/b a to b
Since ratios that make the same comparison
are equivalent ratios, they all reduce to the
same value.
2 3 1
= =
10 15 5
Proportions
Two ratios that are equal
A proportion is an equation that states that
two ratios are equal, such as:
In simple proportions, all you need to do is
examine the fractions. If the fractions both
reduce to the same value, the proportion is
true.
This is a true proportion, since both fractions
reduce to 1/3.
5 2
=
15 6
In simple proportions, you can use this same
approach when solving for a missing part of a
proportion. Remember that both fractions
must reduce to the same value.
To determine the
unknown value you
must cross multiply.
(3)(x) = (2)(9)
3x = 18
x=6
Check your proportion
(3)(x) = (2)(9)
(3)(6) = (2)(9)
18 = 18 True!
So, ratios that are equivalent are said to be
proportional. Cross Multiply makes solving or
proving proportions much easier. In this
example 3x = 18, x = 6.
2 10
2 10 =
= 3 15
3 5
2) Solve for x:
4 x
=
6 42
3) Solve for x:
25 5
=
x 2
Solve the following problems.
5/x = 8/28
8x = 140
x = 17.5 ft
The two windows below
are similar. Find the
unknown width of the
larger window.
These two buildings are
similar. Find the height of
the large building.