MUSIC-INSPIRED OPTIMIZATION

ALGORITHM

HARMONY SEARCH
 What is Optimization?

Procedure to make a system or design as

effective, especially the mathematical
techniques involved. ( Meta-Heuristics)
Finding Best Solution
Minimal Cost (Design)
Minimal Error (Parameter Calibration)
Maximal Profit (Management)
Maximal Utility (Economics)
Principle of harmony search

HS mimics the improvisation process of

musicians during which each musician plays
a note for finding a best harmony all
together.
When applied to optimization problems,
the musicians typically represent the
decision variables of the cost function.
And HS acts as a meta-heuristic algorithm
which attempts to find a solution vector that
optimizes this function.
Existing Meta-Heuristic
Algorithms
Definition & Synonym
Evolutionary, Soft computing, Stochastic
Evolutionary Algorithm (Evolution)
Simulated Annealing (Metal Annealing)
Tabu Search (Animals Brain)
Ant Algorithm (Ants Behavior)
Particle Swarm (Flock Migration)
Mimicking Natural or Behavioral
Phenomena Music Performance
Algorithm from Music Phenomenon
Procedures of Harmony Search

Step 0. Prepare a Harmony Memory.

Step 1. Improvise a new Harmony with

Experience (HM) or Randomness (rather
than Gradient).
Step 2. If the new Harmony is better,
include it in Harmony Memory.
Step 3. Repeat Step 1 and Step 2.
HS OPERATORS

1. Random Playing
2. Memory Considering
3. Pitch Adjusting
4. Ensemble Considering
 RANDOM PLAYING

x Playable Range = {E3, F3, G3, A3, B3, C4, D4,

E4, F4, G4, A4, B4, C5, D6, E6, F6, G6, A6, B6, C7}
MEMORY CONSIDERING

x Preferred Note = {C4, E4, C4, G4, C4}

PITCH ADJUSTING

x+ or x-, x Preferred Note

ENSEMBLE
CONSIDERING

xi f x j , Max Corr xi , x j
j

HS Applications for
Real-World Problems
List Of Application For Real-
World Problem
Sudoku Puzzle
Music Composition - Medieval
Organum
Project Scheduling (TCTP)
University Time-tabling
Internet Routing
Web-Based Parameter
Calibration
Truss Structure Design
School Bus Routing Problem
Generalized Orienteering
Problem
Water Distribution Network
Design
Multiple Dam Operation
Hydrologic Parameter
Calibration
Ecological Conservation
Satellite Heat Pipe Design
Satellite Heat Pipe Design
Oceanic Oil Structure Mooring
RNA Structure Prediction
Medical Imaging
Radiation Oncology
Astronomical Data Analysis
Large-Scale Water Network
Design
 Sudoku Puzzle
2 9 4 5 3 8 7 6 1

5 6 1 2 7 9 3 4 8

8 3 7 1 6 4 2 5 9

7 4 9 8 1 3 6 2 5

6 2 3 9 4 5 1 8 7

1 8 5 7 2 6 9 3 4

4 5 2 6 9 1 8 7 3

3 1 6 4 8 7 5 9 2

9 7 8 3 5 2 4 1 6
Music Composition Medieval Organum

Interval Rank Interval Rank

Fourth 1 Fifth 2
Unison 3 Octave 3
Third 4 Sixth 4
Second 5 Seventh 5
University Timetabling
 Truss Structure Design
Z

75 in.
(1)
1
2
n 4 8 (2) 100 in.

W ( A ) Ai Li
75 in. 9
3
5
(3) 7 6 75 in.
i 1 (6) 10
12
13 (4)
15 (5) 11
100 in.
22 14
23 19
18 Y
20 (7) 24
21 17
(10) 25

16 (8)
200 in.

(9)
200 in.
X

GA = 546.01, HS = 484.85
 School Bus Routing Problem
15 10 20
5 5
8 4 10 School
9
8 7
10 5 20 4
15 10
4 4 5 6 6
5 7

5 7 10 4 5
15 5

Depot 1 2 3
3 5 8

Min C1 (# of Buses) + C2 (Travel Time)

s.t. Time Window & Bus Capacity
GA = $409,597, HS = $399,870
Medical Imaging
 Stochastic Partial Derivative
of HS
f 1 n( xi (k )) n xi ( k m )
(1 HMCR ) HMCR (1 PAR ) HMCR PAR
xi K i HMS HMS
Random Selection Memory Consideration
Pipe 7
Pitch Adjustment Total Gradient
1.000

0.100
Probability

0.010

0.001

0.000
1 2 3 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
Pipe Diameter (inch)
 Parameter-Setting-Free HS

Overcoming Existing Drawbacks

Suitable for Discrete Variables

No Need for Gradient Information

No Need for Feasible Initial Vector

Better Chance to Find Global Optimum

Drawbacks of Meta-Heuristic Algorithms

Requirement of Algorithm Parameters
THANK YOU