TMD2043 - Publishing on The World

Wide Web

Noraini Binti Ismail

Computer Science Lecturer

CS Room 2

ext : 271

Email : noraini_kptm@yahoo.com (FB)

noraini_i@kptm.edu.my (official)
 Assessment

Credit Hours :

3 (2+1)

Lectures (2 hours per week x 14 weeks) ; Labs (2 hours per week x 14

weeks)

Coursework

Workshop / Lab Exercise 20%

Project 1 (Macromedia Dreamweaver) 20%

Project 2 (Macromedia Dreamweaver) 20%

Quizzess 10%

Mid 20%

Final 20%
 Students Overall
Performance July Nov 2014

CC101 CT101
 Chapter 1:The Internet And
World Wide Web

Overview

The Definition of the Internet

The Definition of the WWW

Internetworking

Connections

Internet Services

Whats HTML

Dynamic Web Pages and XML

Limitations of The Internet

 The Definition of the Internet

What is Internet ?

Internet is a network of networks that link computer to

computer using protocol.

What is the function of Internet?

Internet is use to place the information for retrieval or

view.
 The Definition of the Internet

How does the Internet start?

1969
- ARPANET (research network project funded by the ARPA

(Advanced Research Projects Agency)

- US Defense Department + universities + military contractors.

- purpose - to explore the possibility of a communication network

that could survive a nuclear attack.

- network where data could take multiple paths from its source to

its destination.
 The Definition of the Internet

How does the Internet start?

1979

- ARPANET quickly developed into a communication tool.(e.g.: e-mail )

- USENET was born.

- size of the network grew - popular - more and more universities

connected.
 The Definition of the Internet

How does the Internet start?

End of 1983

- a standard communications protocol was established (called

TCP/IP).

- All the separate networks started using the protocol, and

connected to one another forming a network of networks -

INTERNET.

- Size of the Internet kept growing

 The Definition of the Internet

How does the Internet start?

1984 - 1,000 machines connected to the Internet.

1987 - 10,000

1989 - 100,000.
 The Definition of the Internet

How the Internet works?

Data is broken up into packets.

A header is added to each packet (contain source

destination)

Each packet is sent from computer to computer.

At the destination, the packets are examined.

The packets are reassembled into their original form.

 The Definition of the WWW

What is WWW?

World Wide Web is a distributed hypermedia document

delivery system operating on the Internet. Information can

be organize, link and access via client-server protocol.

 The Definition of the WWW

What is the function of WWW?

It include all of the internet services and much more such as

retrieve document, view images/animation/video, listen to

sound, speak and hear voice, view programs that run on

almost any software in the world and etc.

 The Definition of the WWW

How does the WWW start?

Idea from CERN - (the European Laboratory for Particle

Physics).

a way to keep track of their information and

documentation so that it could be easily accessed and

updated.
 The Definition of the WWW

How does the WWW start?

1993 - WWW was shaped into what we know it as today.

Mosaic was the first graphical Web browser - it allowed

text, graphics, sounds and other multimedia to be viewed

in one document.

NCSA (National Centre for Supercomputing Applications)

developed a program called 'Mosaic'.

 The Definition of the WWW

How does the WWW works?

Web browser (client) Server

WWW consists of data and information on servers.

Transfer information - Uses the application protocol

Create documents and hypertext Markup language

Access the WWW use the web browser and the document

is specified using the URL

 Question ?

What is the relationship between the WWW and the

Internet ?

WWW is just one of the many services that the internet

provides and the way that information can be

disseminated over the internet.

 Internetworking

A network is a cluster of computers, with one computer

acting as a server to provide network services.

In a network, the server computer provides network

services to the client computers on that network.

clients wireless
LAN clients

Servers

Router
Example of Cluster
 Internetworking

Internetworking involves connecting two or more computer

network via gateways using a common routing technology.

Several LANs can be interconnected using gateways and

routers to form a wide area network (WAN).

LANs and WANs can be connected to the Internet through a

server that provides Internet software and physical data

connection.
 Internetworking

Internet addresses.

Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)

 Internet Addresses

Internet addresses use the following syntax:

http://www.kptm.edu.my/webmail/Login.php

[protocol]://[domain name]/[path]/[file name]

The server directory path and file name are often left out

The protocol usually does not need to be typed.

The protocol is also often hidden

 Internet Addresses

The IP address or Internet address is made up of four

numbers separated by periods.

10.12.1.103 www.abcdef.com

DNS

The Domain Naming System (DNS) assigns names and

addresses to computers linked to the Internet.

 Internet Addresses

Top-level domains (TLDs) is the highest level in

Domain Name System. Example:

www.abcdef.com TLD

TLD organized in groups. Example of TLD groups,

Countries : .my .jp .tw .sg

Categories : .gov .edu .org

 Transmission Control Protocol
/ Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)

TCP and IP are the protocols for communication on the

Internet.

TCP used to break data into packets by before sent the broken

data over Internet.

Data packet 2 Data packet 1

01010100 10011000
data data
converted converted
Data Flow
by TCP by TCP
Hello Hello
 Transmission Control Protocol
/ Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)

Data packets include the receiving computer's address, a

sequence number, error correction information, and

a small piece of data.

IP is responsible to route the data packet. (guide packet

until reach desired destination)

 Connections

Internet connection needs

Dial-up account + modem, cable modem

Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)

An ISP (Internet Service Provider) offers one or more Points of

Presence (POPs) which is a local telephone number for connecting

to the ISPs server.

ISP in Malaysia includes

Celcom, Maxis, DiGi, uMobile

Jaring, Streamyx, Time

P1

(source: http://www.onestopmalaysia.com/directory/internet/isp/)
 Connections

Point to Point Protocol, PPP - is a data link protocol commonly

used to establish a direct connection between two networking

nodes. Most Internet Services Provider (ISPs) use PPP for

customer dial-up access to the Internet.

2 types of PPP:
1. PPPoA: PPP over ATM

2. PPPoE: PPP over Ethernet

TCP/IP software - for properly sending and receiving data

PPP and the TCP/IP software are required to connect to the

Internet through an ISP.

 Connections

Bandwidth - The amount of data expressed in terms of bits

per second (bps) can send from one to another in a given

amount of time

Bandwidth: 1 Gigabit/sec

The greater the bandwidth, the lesser will be the time taken

to upload or download data.

Bandwidth Time taken to download & upload

 Connections

Low-bandwidth modem connections are a bottleneck for

sending multimedia across the Internet.

Bottleneck
 Connections

5 ways to Avoid bottleneck

1. Compress data before transmitting. (ex: .zip, .rar)

2. Oblige users to download data only once, and then store

that data on the system's hard disk.

3. Design multimedia elements to be efficiently compact.

 Connections

5 ways to avoid bottleneck

4. Design alternate low-bandwidth and high-bandwidth

navigation paths to accommodate all users.

5. Implement incremental streaming methods that allow

data to be transferred and displayed incrementally as it

comes in (without waiting for the entire data file to

arrive).
 Internet Services

Each Internet service is implemented on an Internet server by

dedicated software known as a daemon.

Daemons are agent programs that run in the background and wait to

act on requests.

Daemon serve function for responding to network requests, hardware

activities.

Example of daemons system names in windows: httpd, syslogd, sshd.

To view daemon program on windows

Control Panel > Administrative Tools

Start > Run> Services.msc

 Internet Services

What are the Internet services?

E-mail - a method of exchanging digital messages from an author

to one or more recipients

FTP

Telnet

World Wide Web

 Internet Services

It supports services such as Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

for WWW and Post Office Protocol (POP) for e-mail or the FTP for

exchanging files.

The other services provided by the Internet include https, ftp,

gopher, usenet, telnet, Internet Relay Chat (IRC), Simple Mail

Transport Protocol (SMTP), and mud.

In many cases, the daemon may run on completely different

servers, each isolated by securtiy firewall from other servers on a

network.
 Internet Services

Recognizable documents and formats are required to work

with multimedia on the Internet.

MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) type is a

standard list of file name extensions.

It identifies the nature and purpose of the transmitted data.

 Internet Services

It supports services such as HTTP and Post Office Protocol

(POP).

The other services provided by the Internet include https,

ftp, gopher, usenet, telnet, Internet Relay Chat (IRC),

Simple Mail Transport Protocol (SMTP), and mud.

 Internet Services

MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) is an Internet

standard that extends e-mail format.

With MIME, e-mail supports

text other than ASCII & non- text attachment (ex: pictures)

Messages bodies with multi parts

MIME also used in HTTP for WWW, because http transmits

messages that similar to e-mail format.

 The World Wide Web and
HTML

WWW is a system for linking multiple documents accessible

within the Internet.

A web browser needed to view WWW

Web Browser: Safari, Firefox, IE, Google Chrome

WWW & HTTP was designed by Tim Berners-Lee from

England. Graduated from Oxford University, 1976.

 The World Wide Web and
HTML

HTTP is a protocol for client- server computing.

HTTP provides rules for simple transaction between client

and server.

HTML is a document format consist of texts and embedded

images.

Other languages such as Java script, CSS also can be

embedded in HTML.

HTML is a dominant Markup language for web page.

 Dynamic HTML and XML

DHTML is combination of technologies used together to

create interactive & animated websites.

Dynamic Web pages can be created using Cold Fusion,

PHP, JavaScript, and programs written in Java.

XML (eXtensible Markup Language) is used to format and

delivery Web pages using styles.

Can create own tags in XML to describe exactly what the

data means, and can get that data from anywhere on the

web.
 Dynamic HTML and XML

Dynamic Web pages can be created using Cold Fusion, PHP,

JavaScript, and programs written in Java.

XML (eXtensible Markup Language) is used to format and

delivery Web pages using styles.

Can create own tags in XML to describe exactly what the

data means, and can get that data from anywhere on the

web.
 Dynamic HTML and XML

E.g.:

<note>

<to>Tove</to>

<from>Jani</from>

<heading>Reminder</heading>

<body>Don't forget me this weekend!</body>

</note>
 Multimedia on the Web

Designing effective multimedia for the Web includes:

Presenting text, images, audio, and animation in a user-

friendly interface that balances bandwidth deficits.

Understanding how to deliver multimedia content for HTML

browsers and plug-in/player vehicles.

 Limitations of The Internet

To appreciate potential benefits of Internet , must

understand the limitations of Internet's current

infrastructure:

Bandwidth limitations

Quality of service limitations

Network architecture limitations

Language development limitations

Wired Internet limitations

 Summary

The Internet connects private companies, organizations,

universities, and individuals.

The Internet is a cluster of computers.

ISPs provide network connections through a dial-up

account, a cable modem, or a Digital Subscriber Line (DSL).

 Summary

The Domain Name System (DNS) manages the identities of

computers connected to the Internet.

HTTP provides rules for contacting, requesting, and sending

documents encoded with the Hypertext Markup Language

(HTML).

JavaScript, Cold Fusion, and XML can be used to generate

dynamic Web pages.