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Reported by:

Lourie Vic
Alojipan
Joynen
Baldevarona
Ann Rochelle
Cerina
Rhea Mae
Over the past decades, the Philippines has been labeled as one of the
most disaster-prone countries in the world mainly because of its
geographic and geologic location, and physical characteristics.
The country lies along several
active fault lines. All over the
country, there are active, inactive
and potentially active volcanoes.
We record an average of 20
earthquakes per day and around
100-150 earthquakes felt per year.
Climate risks bring with it
exposure to super typhoons, El
Nio-related droughts,
projected rainfall change and
projected temperature increase.
In addition, flooding is another
hazard facing the country due to
rains brought about by
typhoons and the monsoon.
Aside from natural causes, the
Philippines also experiences
humaninduced disasters. These
are brought about by hazards that
are of political and
socioeconomic origins and
inappropriate and illapplied
technologies.
A sudden movement of the earth's
crust caused by the release of stress
collected along faults or by volcanic
activity
Heres a list in recorded history of the deadliest earthquakes in the
Philippines in terms of casualties.

1.) 1976 Moro Gulf Earthquake and Tsunami up to 8,000 deaths


Date: August 16, 1976
Magnitude: 8.0 moment magnitude scale
Epicenter: Celebes Sea
Damages: Not accounted
Affected areas: Mindanao and Borneo

2.) 1645 Luzon Earthquake - 600 deaths (Spaniards only)


Date: November 30, 1645 at about 08:00 PM
Magnitude: 7.5
Epicenter: Nueva Ecija
Damages: Hundreds of buildings and houses were destroyed
Affected areas: Central Luzon, Manila

3.) 1990 Luzon Earthquake 1,621 deaths


Date: July 16, 1990, at 4:26 PM
Magnitude: 7.8
Epicenter: 15 42' N and 121 7' E near Rizal, Nueva Ecija
Damages: Scores of buildings collapsed and damaged
Affected areas: Central Luzon and Cordillera region
4.) Luzon Earthquakes of July 1880
The first major tremor lasted for 1 minute and 10 seconds.
Date: July 14-25, 1880
Magnitude: 10 on Rossi-Forel scale
Epicenter: Luzon
Damages: Scores of churches and buildings were damages and destroyed
Affected areas: Manila, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Cavite and
Bulacan

5.) 1968 Casiguran Earthquake 268 deaths


Date: August 2, 1968
Magnitude: 7.3
Epicenter: Casiguran, Aurora
Damages: Ruby Tower fell and several buildings were destroyed and
damaged.
Affected areas: Manila, Aurora and Pampanga
6.) 2012 Visayas Earthquake 81 deaths
Date: February 6, 2012
Magnitude: 6.9 Mw
Epicenter: Negros Oriental
Damages: Bridges collapsed, buildings were damaged and roads were
totally ruined
Affected areas: Negros Oriental and neighboring provinces

7.) 1994 Mindoro Earthquake casualties -78


This tremor generated a tsunami and landslides that destroyed several houses
and properties and claimed the lives of less than 100 people.
Date: November 15, 1994
Magnitude: 7.1
Epicenter: Verde Island Passage
Damages: 7,566 houses were damaged
Affected areas: Mindoro, Verde Island, Baco islands, Luzon
8.) 2002 Mindanao Earthquake 15 deaths
The quake generated a tsunami and landslides.
Date: March 5, 2002
Magnitude: 7.5
Epicenter: Cotabato Trench
Damages: About 800 buildings were damaged
Affected areas:
9.) 1990 Bohol Earthquake deaths-6
Date: February 08, 1990
Magnitude: 6.8
Epicenter: Bohol
Damages: 46,000 people were displaced and at least 7,000 became homeless
Affected areas: Bohol

10.) 1973 Ragay Gulf Earthquake


The town of Calauag, Quezon was the most devastated during the 1973
Ragay Gulf Earthquake.
Date: March 17, 1973
Magnitude: 7.0
Epicenter: Ragay Gulf
Damages: 98 houses destroyed and damaged 270 more
Affected areas: Quezon province
1990 Luzon Earthquake

Earthquake at Negros
February 2012
Is a series of traveling ocean waves of long length and period usually
caused by a seismic disturbances in the ocean floor or confines, which
upon reaching the shore, losses speed but increases in height.
Depending upon the residual force upon arrival, such waves may rush
in shore and cause devastation to human settlements and
infrastructures along the shoreline.

On August 16, 1976, the Moro


Gulf earthquake produced
tsunamis which devastated the
southwest coast on Mindanao
and left more than 3,000 people
dead, with at least 1,000 people
missing. More than 8,000 people
were injured and approximately
12,000 families were rendered
homeless by 5 meter(s) high
waves.
An average of 20 tropical cyclones hit the
Philippines every year, each one categorized according to
its strength or intensity.
Once a weather disturbance enters the
Philippines area of responsibility, the government,
through its various agencies forewarns the general public.
A Public Storm Signal warning tells the people
what they should expect and carries with it an advisory
for them to take the necessary precautions.
Major Typhoons and Impact
(2005-2011)
Major Regions Amount of Consequence Impact
Typhoons Affected Rainfall/Maxi Population/
mum 24-hr. Damage(PhP)
Rainfall (mm)
1. TS Auring 8 regions 139.8 16 March Floods, Pop -15,638
(2005) Regions 98558-Guian Rdr Landslide Agri 11.1 M
IV-B, V, VI & VIII 109.0 18 March Infra 10.0 M
98836 - Casiguran
2. TY Reming 4 regions 446.0 30 Nov. Floods, Pop 3,536,342
(2006) Regions 98444 Legaspi Landslide, Lahar Agri 1,936.2M
III, IV-A, 1V-B & 190.2 30 Nov. Infra 3,512.4M
V 98536 - Romblon
3. TY Mina 8 regions 134.8 25 Nov. Floods, Pop 838,061
(2007) Regions (98328) Landslide Agri 460.1M
I, II, III, IV-A, IV- 129.6 26 Nov. Infra 659.9M
B, VIII & CAR 98134 Basco,
Batanes (98134)
103.6 27 Nov.
Alabat, Quezon
Major Typhoons and Impact
(2005-2011)
Major Regions Amount of Consequence Impact
Typhoons Affected Rainfall/Maxi Population/
mum 24 hr. Damage (PhP)
Rainfall (mm)
4. TY Frank (2008) 12 regions 354.0 20 June Floods Pop - 4,776,778
Regions I, III, IV-a, (98637) Landslide Agri 7,481.3M
IV-B, V, VI, VII, VIII, 300.0 20 June Infra 5,856.3M
IX, X, XI, XII (98538)

5.TY Ondoy (2009) 12 regions 455.0 26 Sept Floods, Pop - 4,901,234


Regions I, II, III, IV- (98430) Landslide Agri 6,668.7M
A, IV-B, V, VI, IX, XII, 331.8 26 Sept Infra 4,283.5M
CAR, ARMM,NCR Tanay (98433)

6. TY Peping (2009) 9 regions 258.5 26 Sept Floods, Pop- 4,478,284


Regions I, II, III, IV- Port Area (98425) Landslide Agri20,494.7M
A, IV-B, V, VI, CAR & 234.5 26 Sept Infra -6,799.3M
NCR Ambulong (98432)
Major Typhoons and Impact
(2005-2011)
Major Regions Amount of Consequence Impact
Typhoons Affected Rainfall/Max Population/
i mum 24 hr. Damage
Rainfall (PhP)
(mm)
7. TY Basyang 218.0 13 July Floods, Pop 585,383
(2010) Ambulong Landslide
(98432)
160.0 13 July
Tayabas,Quezon
(98427)
8. TS Sendong 7 regions 180.0 16 Dec Flashfloods Pop 698,882
(2011) Regions Lumbia, CDO Landslide Agri 444.9 M
VI, VII, IX, X, XI, 230.5 16 Dec Infra 1,677.1M
Caraga & Talakag, Buk
ARMM
Typhoon Hits Philippines
Typhoon Sendong (Washi) hit the southern
Philippines island of Mindanao, causing
flooding that killed nearly 1,000 people.

The typhoon has affected some


338,000 people across 13 provinces.
43,000 are seeking refuge in
evacuation centers.
Typhoon Ondoy
Philippines has not been spared of the weather-related disasters due Storms,
Typhoons and very intense rainfall

ST. BERNARD
LANDSLIDE
Feb 2006

Landslide :Ginsaugon, Feb 2006 TY Reming (DURIAN) 2006

Typhoon Frank (Fengshen)


TY Milenyo, Sept 2006 June 21, 2008. (MV Princess of the Stars)
Typhoon Pablo death toll
exceeds 1,000-mark
TYPHOON QUINTA
A temporary rise of the water
level, as in a river or lake or
along a seacoast, resulting in
its spilling over and out of its
natural or artificial confines
onto land that is normally dry.
Floods are usually caused by
excessive runoff from
precipitation or snowmelt, or
by coastal storm surges or
other tidal phenomena.
Habagat 2012
Observed24-hour rainfall 455mm
Extreme Weather Events: Tragedies after ragedies
Camiguin flashfloods (November 7,
2001): Heavy continuous rains for about
10 hours caused flashfloods carrying
landslide debris of boulders, uprooted
trees, loose soil, etc. rushing from the
mountainside burying 134 residents
alive and damaging vegetation and
structures.
Southern Leyte-Surigao disaster
(December 2003): Several landslides and
flash-floods in Mindanao and Southern
Leyte caused by days of persistent rains
resulted in 198 deaths in S. Leyte and
Mindanao (Agusan- Surigao)
Aurora-Infanta floods (November-
December 2004): Heavy rains triggered
major landslides; cleansed the forests
of its debris resulting in heavy damage
and casualty downstream along rivers
and coastal areas in eastern Luzon (1,068
dead, damage estimate - P7,615.98M)
Because of massive deforestation and/or due to the buildup of
volcanic ash and debris during volcanic eruptions/activities,
landslides and mudflows occur during heavy rains, wreaking
havoc and much despair to the lowlands.

Landslides occur naturally.


Landslides can be triggered and/or exacerbated by:
1) Water (from precipitation during a tropical storm, hurricane,
or typhoon), or
2) Vibrations (from earthquake ground shaking.
The Ormoc catastrophic flash flood
(November 5, 1991): More than 5000
people perished. Unusually heavy,
continuous rains brought by
Trop.Storm Uring caused landslides
and flashfloods and dam-break-like
effect at the collapse of Anilao Bridge
Cherry Hill tragedy (August 1999):
Three consecutive days of persistent
moderate to heavy rains caused mud
to cascade into the Cherry Hill
leaving 378 houses damaged and 58
people killed
Baguio-La Trinidad landslides (July
Payatas garbage-slide (July 2001): A record-breaking 24-hour
10, 2000): Continuous moderate to
rainfall of 1085.8 millimeters was
heavy monsoon rains over Metro
registered at Baguio City causing
Manila for several days caused the
widespread landslides and
collapse of the Payatas garbage pile,
flashfloods, killing 85 persons in
resulting in 224 deaths and 100
Baguio and La Trinidad area alone.
houses destroyed
Due to Typhoon Feria
GUINSAUGON LANDSLIDE
The whole island of Leyte experienced more than 300% of normal rainfall in February

These extreme weather events have one thing in common persistent torrential rains, causing
landslides and flash floods, killing people and destroying properties along its path.
Volcanoes have erupted
violently in the Philippines
as a result of complex
interactions of the
Philippines and eurasian
Plates
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/Philippines/Maps/map_philippines_volcanoes.html
June 15, 1991
Luzon, Philippines
Drought/

El Nino
El Nino, an abnormal warming of
surface ocean waters in the eastern
tropical Pacific, is one part of what's
called the Southern Oscillation.
The Southern Oscillation is the see-
saw pattern of reversing surface air
pressure between the eastern and
western tropical Pacific; when the
surface pressure is high in the
eastern tropical Pacific it is low in the
western tropical Pacific, and vice-
versa. Because the ocean warming
and pressure reversals are, for the
most part, simultaneous, scientists
call this phenomenon the El
Nino/Southern Oscillation or ENSO
for short.
This is just a part of the vast farmland
that has been dried up due to the El
Nino phenomenon. For a country whose
primary source of food and livelihood
is agriculture, the effects of global
warming are very much felt.
Unfortunately, the only quick fix
solution for now is to outsource basic
food commodities like rice and corn
from neighboring Asian countries.
National authorities

involved in disaster

management
THE NATIONAL DISASTER

COORDINATNG COUNCIL

(NDCC)

The highest government body responsible for advising the


President of the status of disaster preparedness programs and
disaster relief and rehabilitation efforts at the national level.

PAGASA

mandated to provide public weather forecasts and advisories,


typhoon and flood warnings, meteorological /climatological/
astronomical products, and other specialized services primarily for
the protection of life and property, and in support of economic
productivity
1. A sudden movement of the earth's crust
caused by the release of stress collected
along faults or by volcanic activity

TKEHQUAEAR
2. Is a series of traveling ocean waves of
long length and period usually caused by
a seismic disturbances in the ocean floor
or confines, which upon reaching the
shore, losses speed but increases in
height

AMIUTNS
3. Can be triggered and/or exacerbated by:
1) Water (from precipitation during a tropical
storm, hurricane, or typhoon), or
2) Vibrations (from earthquake ground
shaking.

DSLNIDElA
4. A temporary rise of the water level, as in a
river or lake or along a seacoast, resulting
in its spilling over and out of its natural or
artificial confines onto land that is
normally dry

DLOFO
5. An average of 20
ticaplro ceynclos hit the Philippines
every year, each one categorized
according to its strength or intensity.
6. icVolcan onptErui is a result of complex
interactions of the Philippines and eurasian
Plates
7. Tropical storm occurred last July 2008 that
greatly affected Panay and other regions.

Thoonpy nFkra
7-10. Name three typhoons mentioned in
the report.

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