Fluid Storage

Reservoirs and
conductors
Reservoir

The primary purpose of the reservoir

is to hold the system fluid not
currently in use in the system
Other important functions of the
reservoir are:
Remove heat
Separate solid particles
Release air from fluid
Separate water from fluid

2
Reservoir

The reservoir serves many functions

3
Reservoir

The typical hydraulic system

reservoir is a rectangular, covered
steel tank
The tank is typically fitted with:
Pump inlet line
System fluid return line
Drain line
Filler cap
Air breather
Fluid-level indicator

4
Reservoir

Baffles are used in the interior of

reservoirs to direct flow to maximize
the distance the fluid must travel
between the return line and the
pump inlet line
Slows the movement of the fluid
Increases cooling
Increases separation of solid
particles, air, and water

5
Reservoir

Baffles are typically included in a

reservoir

6
Reservoir

Typical reservoir construction

7
Reservoir

As a general rule, the capacity of

the reservoir should be three times
the rated flow of the pump
Fixed installations may be higher
Mobile applications, where weight
and space are factors, may be less

8
Conductors

Pipe, tubing, and flexible hose are

considered basic conductors in a
hydraulic system

9
Conductors

Conductors must have:

Adequate strength to withstand
high system pressures
Low flow resistance to assure low
energy loss during system operation
A design that allows economic
installation and low maintenance

10
Conductors

Conductors must not only

withstand normal system operating
pressure, but also hydraulic shock
pressures
Shock pressures result from kinetic
energy in the system when:
Directional control valves are
shifted to reverse the movement of
a load or heavy machine member
Actuators encounter sudden load
changes
11
Conductors

Low flow resistance requires a

conductor with an inside diameter
large enough to allow the needed
volume of fluid to move through
the line within recommended fluid
velocities

12
Conductors

Future maintenance must be

carefully considered when
designing and installing hydraulic
system conductors to assure
minimal difficulty in removing
components for service

13
Conductors

Tubing:
Is a relatively thin-walled, semirigid
conductor
Can be bent and shaped into lines
that provide good flow
characteristics with a minimum of
visual clutter

14
Conductors

The size of tubing is indicated by

the actual outside diameter
Inside diameter varies according to
wall thickness
Most tubing is manufactured to the
specifications of a standardizing
organization such as ANSI or SAE

15
Conductors

Hose is a flexible conductor made

up of:
Inner tube to conduct the fluid
Middle layer of reinforcing material
for strength
Outer protective coating to
withstand abrasion and abuse

16
 Conductors

Hose with spiral-wound-wire middle layers

Gates Corporation

17
Conductors

A wide variety of fittings are

available to assist in attaching
conductors to system components
such as:
Reservoir
Pump
Valves
Actuators

18
Conductors

Careful selection of fittings can:

Help control construction costs
Improve system efficiency
Allow easier system maintenance

19
Conductors

Fittings with pipe threads or straight

threads sealed with an O-ring or a
metal compression washer are
typically used to attach tube and
hose to hydraulic components
Tubing is attached to fittings by
flaring the tube, compression,
soldering, or brazing

20
Conductors

Hose attached to an actuator with

elbow fitting and adapter with pipe
threads

21
 Typical reservoir

A typical
reservoir
comprising level
indicator,
temperature
gauge
,conductors and
connectors
Used with permission of CNH America LLC

22