Prepositions

Most prepositions tell where or

when, or show possession.
Preposition + object of preposition
From + the old man
About below from through
Above beneath in throughout
Across beside into till
after besides like to
Against between near toward
along beyond of under
Among by off until
Around despite on up
at down out with
before during over within
Behind for since without
Beside
vs
Besides
He stood beside the door.

No one cared besides Jaffar.

Of
Compound preposition
Please let me know ahead of class if you cannot
come, instead of presenting lame excuses later.

In spite of my warning, many of you will

continue this practice.
ahead of in place of
because of in regard to
by means of in spite of
contrary to instead of
in addition to in view of
in light of next to
in case of on account of
in front of out of
in lieu of prior to
Among
and
Between
 Among: > 2
Between: =2

We have always counted Anum among our good

friends.
Who is that standing between Anum and Sana?
To and Out
The horses came running to the fence.
Mr. Keller sent a large package to them.

What did you throw out the window?

Gray smoke coiled out the chimney.
Into
Onto
Upon
Salman ran into the tent.

Ali climbed onto the roof.

He lay upon the grass.

Adjectives
Words that modify/describe nouns or pronouns
 Descriptive Adjectives

beautiful funny kind short

big handsome little soft
blue happy red tall
evil hard sad ugly
 Predicative Adjective

Modifies from a distance

This owl is cute.

This smells so good!
 Attributive Adjective
Attributive adjective + subject + verb

The timid horse approached me.

The brave young officer charged ahead.
afraid glad safe
alive ill sorry
alone likely sure
apart ready unable

Predicative only!
The boy was quite alone.

The alone boy waited in the dark.

Attributive Only!

atomic north/south
east/west northern/southern
eastern/western supplementary
maximum woolen
nationwide indoor/outdoor
 Adverbs

Modify verbs, adjectives, other adverbs

Simply add -ly

Adjective Adverb

careful carefully

quick quickly

simple simply
 But not always

early early
fast fast
late late
Late vs Lately
Adverbs of manner

Subject + predicate + adverb of manner

The team played badly.

He asked her politely.

She walked very slowly.

 Adverbs of degree
adequately perfectly
almost practically
entirely profoundly
extremely really
greatly strongly
highly totally
hugely tremendously
immensely very
moderately virtually
partially
The children enjoyed the circus immensely.
The lawyer strongly advocated suing the
company.

She was an extremely beautiful woman.

Bill had become profoundly depressed.

They sang really badly.

The project was progressing moderately well.
Adverbs of frequency are placed before the
main verb in a sentence.

subject + frequency + verb

Jack often visits us when hes in town.
She rarely spoke of life in her village
Except:
Maria has never been to Canada.
My dad will usually cry at a sad movie.
You should regularly floss your teeth.
 Except:

She was seldom in class.

You are always the best musician in the
orchestra.
Adverbs of viewpoint or comment commonly begin
the sentencethough, some can follow the subject:

Wisely, they left the stalled car and walked to town.

Undoubtedly, you have no confidence in yourself.

She clearly has no intention of paying me back.

Bob obviously overslept again.