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com
 Africa
Africa is the worlds second-largest and
the second-most-populous continent.

With 1.1 billion people as of 2013, it accounts for

about 15% of the world's human population.

Africa may have originated from either

the Latin word Aprica meaning sunny, or
the Greek word Aphrike meaning without cold.

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 Africa
The smallest country in Africa is the Seychelles,
which is an archipelago (nation of islands) in
the Indian Ocean. On the African mainland,
the smallest country is The Gambia.

Madagascar in the Indian Ocean.

Madagascar is the fourth largest island in the world
(after Greenland, New Guinea and Borneo).

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Africa

Cape Agulhas is the southern-most tip of the continent of Africa.

It is also the dividing line between the Atlantic and Indian Oceans.

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 The River Nile
The River Nile is generally regarded as the longest river in the world,
however other some studies give the title to the
Amazon River in South America.

It flows through eleven countries; Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi,

The Congo, Kenya, Ethiopia, Eritrea, South Sudan, Sudan and Egypt.

The Nile spreads into a delta and flows into the Mediterranean Sea.

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 Lake Victoria
Lake Victoria (at 68,800 km2) is Africa's largest lake by
area, the world's largest tropical lake, and the world's
second largest fresh water lake by surface area,
after Lake Superior in North America.

It is approximately the same size as

the Republic of Ireland.

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 Mount Kilimanjaro
Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania is the highest mountain in Africa,
and rises approximately 4,900 m (16,000 ft) from its base to 5,895 metres (19,341 ft) above sea level.

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The Sahara Desert
The Sahara is the largest hot desert in the world,
and the third largest desert after Antarctica
and the Arctic.

Its area of 9,200,000 km2 is comparable to

the area of the United States.

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Geography of Africa

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 Africa Cup of Nations
The Confederation of African Football hosts
the Africa Cup of Nations every two years.

In 2017, the tournament will be held in

Gabon, from 14th January 5th February.

16 teams will participate this year.

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 The African Union
The African Union (AU) is a 54-member federation
consisting of all of Africa's states except Morocco.

The union was officially established on 9 July 2002.

This is the flag of the African Union.

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Algeria
Capital City: Algiers
Population: 40.4m
Language: Arabic, Berber

The country gets its name from

its capital city, Algiers.

Signs at a University in Algeria in

Arabic, Berber and French. Martyrs' Memorial is a monument
to commemorate the Algerian war
for independence.

Algeria is the largest country in Africa

and the 10th largest in the world.

Algeria gained independence from France in 1962.

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Angola Angolas main sources of
income come from the
Capital City: Luanda
export of oil and diamonds.
Population: 25.7m
Language: Portuguese

The Cathedral of the Holy

Saviour in Luanda was built
in 1628, and restored
between 1880-1900.

Angola gained independence from Portugal in 1975.

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Benin During the colonial period and at independence, the
Capital City: Porto-Novo country was known as Dahomey.
Population: 10.8m In 1975 it was renamed Benin after the body of
Language: French water on which the country lies; the Bight of Benin.

The capital city's name

comes from Portuguese,
meaning "New Port".

The Grand Mosque

in Porto-Novo is
constructed in
Brazilian style.

Benin gained independence from France in 1960.

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 Gaborone (c.1825-1931)
Botswana was chief of the Tlokwa, a
Capital City: Gaborone tribe of the Tswana
Population: 2.1m people in what is now
Language: Setswana, English Botswana, and the capital
city is named after him.

The Okavango River runs through the

centre of the Kalahari Desert,
creating the unique ecosystem
known as the Okavango Delta, from
which the abundant bird and wildlife
populations flourish. The Okavango
River Delta is one of the world's
largest inland deltas. Chobe National
Park is located on the banks of part
of the Okavango River and is home to
over 120,000 Elephants.

Botswana gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1966.

It used to be called Bechuanaland. Botswana means the land of the Tswana people.
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Burkina Faso
Capital City: Ouagadougou
Population: 17.3m
Language: French
Burkina Faso comes from the Mossi for
Land of Incorruptible Men.
The Grand Mosque in the city of Bobo-
Dioulasso was built at the end of the 1800s. It
is an example of Sudano-Sahelian architecture.

Burkina Faso gained independence from France in 1960. It was once known as the
Mossi Kingdoms and then Upper Volta before getting its current name in 1984.
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 Burundi The World Happiness Report 2016
ranked Burundi as the world's least
Capital City: Bujumbura
happy nation.
Population: 11.1m
Language: Kirundi, French

Estimated to be the second largest

freshwater lake in the world
(by volume), Lake Tanganyika is
divided amongst four different
countries, including Burundi. Its
waters flow into the Congo River,
which leads to the Atlantic Ocean.

The name Burundi derives from

Rundi (Kirundi) the language
spoken throughout Burundi.

Burundi gained independence from Belgium in 1962.

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Cameroon Paul Biya has been leader
of Cameroon since 1975 as
Capital City: Yaound
Prime Minister, and from
Population: 22.5m 1982 as President.
Language: English, French
Cameroon is often referred to as Africa in miniature for its geological and
cultural diversity. Natural features include beaches, deserts, mountains,
rainforests, and savannahs.

The name Cameroon

is derived from
Rio de Camares
(the River of Prawns)
the name given to
River Wouri by
Portuguese Explorers
in the 15th century.

Cameroon gained independence from France and the United Kingdom

in 1960 and 1961.
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 Cape Verde means Green Cape, and
Cape Verde the capital city Praia means beach,
Capital City: Praia both in Portuguese.
Population: 0.5m
Language: Portuguese

The Cape Verde islands are an

archipelago of 10 volcanic islands
570km off the west coast of Africa.

Cape Verde was uninhabited until

the 15th century, when
Portuguese explorers discovered
and colonized the islands,
establishing the first European
settlement in the tropics.

Cape Verde gained independence from Portugal in 1975.

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Central African Republic
Capital City: Bangui
Population: 4.7m Most of the country is savannah
Language: Sango, French plateau, with rain forests in the south.

The Central African Republic gained independence from France in 1960,

having previously been part of French Equatorial Africa.
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 Chad
Capital City: NDjamena
Population: 13.6m
Language: Arabic, French

The name Chad appears to derive

from Lake Chad which forms it
South-Western border with Nigeria.

Chad is divided into three zones;

the Sudanese savannah in the south,
the Sahara Desert in the north,
and the Sahelian belt in Chad's centre.

Chad gained independence from France in 1960.

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Comoros
Capital City: Moroni
Population: 0.8m
Language: Arabic, French
The Comoros gained independence from France in 1975.
The name Comoros is derived from
the Arabic kamar, meaning "moon,"
although this name was first applied by
Arab geographers to Madagascar. It was
adopted by French Colonialists to
describe the Islands.
The Comoros consists of three major
islands and numerous smaller islands,
all in the volcanic Comoros archipelago
The major islands are Grande Comore,
Mohli and Anjouan. In addition, the
country has a claim on a fourth major
island, Mayotte, though Mayotte voted
against independence from France in
1974, and continues to be
administered by France.
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 Democratic Republic of the Congo
Capital City: Kinshasa
The Democratic Republic of the Congo
Population: 81.6m is the most populated officially
Language: French Francophone (French-speaking) country.

The country was known as the Republic

of Zaire from 1971-1997 during the rule
of dictator Mobutu Sese Seko.

Democratic Republic of the Congo gained independence from Belgium in 1960,

having previously been known as Belgian Congo.
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 Republic of the Congo
Capital City: Brazzaville
Population: 4.6m
Language: French
The Congo River separates Brazzaville, the capital of the
Congo republic, from Kinshasa, capital of the DR Congo.

Pierre Savorgnan di Brazz

(1852 1905), was an Italian-
born French explorer, after
whom the capital city of the
Congo is named.

Republic of the Congo gained independence from France in 1960,

having formerly been part of French Equatorial Africa.
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Djibouti
Capital City: Djibouti City
Population: 0.9m
Language: Arabic, French
Lake Assal is a saline lake which lies 155 m
(509 ft) below sea level, making it the lowest
point on land in Africa and the third-lowest
point on Earth after the Sea of Galilee and
the Dead Sea. It is the most saline (salty) in
the world outside of Antarctica.

Djibouti gained independence from France in 1977,

when it was known as the French Territory of the Afars and the Issas.
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 Egypt The Abu Simbel temples are two massive rock temples
in southern Egypt, near the border with Sudan. They
Capital City: Cairo were originally carved out of the mountainside during
Population: 92.3m the reign of Pharaoh Ramesses II in the 13th century BC,
Language: Arabic as a monument to himself and his queen Nefertari.

The Pyramids of Giza were constructed

between 2580-2510 BC. This complex of
ancient monuments includes the three
pyramid complexes known as the Great
Pyramids, the massive sculpture known as
the Great Sphinx.

Egypt gained independence from the United

Kingdom in 1922. www.mrobroin.com
 Equatorial Guinea
Capital City: Malabo
Population: 1.2m
Language: French, Portuguese, Spanish

Since the mid-1990s,

Equatorial Guinea has become
one of sub-Saharan Africa's
largest oil producers. It is the
richest country per capita in
Africa. However, the wealth is
distributed very unevenly and
few people have benefited
from the oil riches.

Equatorial Guinea gained independence from Spain in 1968,

when it was known as Spanish Guinea.
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Eritrea
Capital City: Asmara
Population: 6.3m
Language: Arabic, Tigrinya
The Latin phrase Mare Erythraeum
(Red Sea) was used by Italy to
describe its colonies in the horn of
Africa. This later became Eritrea
and was adopted by the country on
independence from Ethiopia.

Eritrea has an extensive coastline along the Red Sea, and the country
includes the Dahlak Islands and several of the Hanish Islands.

Eritrea gained independence from Ethiopia in 1993,

having formally been ruled by Italy.
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 Ethiopia
Capital City: Addis Ababa
Population: 99.4m
Language: Amharic

The lip plate is a form of body

modification used by many
tribes, including the Mursi
people in Ethiopia.

Abebe Bikila (1932-1973) was a double Olympic

marathon champion from Ethiopia, most famous
for winning a gold medal in the 1960 Rome
Olympics marathon while running barefoot.
A stadium in Addis Ababa is named in his honour.

Ethiopia gained independence from Italy in 1942, and used to be known as Abyssinia.
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Gabon Portuguese references referred to it as Gabon
after the Portuguese word gabao, a coat with
Capital City: Libreville sleeves and hood resembling the shape of the
Population: 1.4m Como River estuary, where they first explored.
Language: French
Libreville was named after Sierra
Omar Bongo Leones capital city Freetown.
was President of
Gabon for 42
years from 1967
until his death in
2009. Since then
his son Ali has
been President.

The Ogoou (or Ogowe) River,

at 1200km (700 miles) long, is
the main river of Gabon.

Gabon gained independence from France in 1960.

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 The Gambia, often known as just Gambia,
The Gambia is the smallest country in Africa. It is about
1
/8 the size of the island of Ireland.
Capital City: Banjul
Population: 1.8m
Language: English Named after the River Gambia which
flows through the country.

Gambia gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1965.

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Ghana
Capital City: Accra
Population: 27.0m
Language: English

Kantanka is a car-manufacturing
company that is based in Ghana.

Lake Volta in Ghana is the largest reservoir by surface area in the world.

Ghana gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1960.

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 The highlands of Guinea are covered
Guinea with forests and savannah. The northern
Capital City: Conakry part of the country is mostly desert land.
Population: 11.6m
Language: French
Agriculture employs 84% of the
adult population in Guinea.

The name Guinea

comes from the
Portuguese Guin,
which may have
originally come from
the word for Ghana by
early explorers and
then have been used to
describe its close
neighbour.

Guinea gained independence from France in 1958.

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 Guinea-Bissau
Capital City: Bissau
Population: 1.7m
Language: Portuguese

Bissau Cathedral is a Christian

cathedral in Guinea-Bissaus
capital city. The cathedral is
noted for its function as a
lighthouse, with the light
installed on its 36 metres (118 ft)
high north tower. The light
guides ships through the Geba
River to the Port of Bissau.

Guinea-Bissau gained independence from Portugal in 1974,

when it was known as Portuguese Guinea.
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 Ivory Coast (Cte d'Ivoire)
Capital City: Yamoussoukro Cote d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) is a
Population: 23.9m reference by European traders to
Language: French the availability of Ivory Tusks.

St. Pauls cathedral

located in the city
of Abidjan, the largest
city in the Ivory Coast.

Abidjan has a population

of 4.3m, whereas
Yamoussoukro has a
population of 280,000.

Ivory Coast gained independence from France in 1960.

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 Kenya is named after the mountain of the
Kenya same name. and this in turn derives its
Capital City: Nairobi name from The Kikuyu, who refer to the
Population: 45.0m mountain as Kirinyaga, or Kere-Nyaga
Language: English, Swahili ("Mountain of Whiteness").

A woman wearing traditional tribal beads in Turkana, Kenya.

Moi Avenue in the city of Mombasa is known for two pairs of giant aluminium
elephant tusks crossing the dual carriageway. The tusks were commissioned in
commemoration of a visit to Mombasa by Princess Margaret in 1956.

Kenya gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1963.

It was once called British East Africa.
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 The name Lesotho translates roughly into the
Lesotho land of the people who speak Sesotho.
Capital City: Maseru
The Kingdom of Lesotho is an enclaved,
Population: 2.0m landlocked country in southern Africa
Language: English, Sotho completely surrounded by South Africa.

Maletsunyane
Falls is a 192m
high (630ft)
waterfall in
Lesotho.

Lesotho gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1966,

when it was known as Basutoland.
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Liberia Liberia is derived from the Latin word
liber (free), a reference to the return
Capital City: Monrovia
of Freed American Slaves who founded
Population: 4.5m the modern Republic of Liberia.
Language: English

Ellen Johnson Sirleaf

(born 1938) is the
President of Liberia
since 2006. Sirleaf is
the first elected female
head of state in Africa.

Monrovia is named after James Monroe, 5th President (1817-1825) of

the United States. He supported the American Colonization Society in
its work to create a home for freed slaves in Liberia.

Liberia gained independence from the United States in 1862.

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 Colonel Muammar
Libya Gaddafi governed
Libya from 1969
Capital City: Tripoli
until 2011 and the
Population: 6.4m beginning of the
Language: Arabic, Berber Libyan Civil War.

From 1977-2011, the Libyan flag was a plain green.

It was chosen by Gaddafi to symbolize his political
philosophy (after his Green Book).

The Acacus are a mountain range in the desert

of western Libya. The area has a particularly
rich array of prehistoric rock art, that dates
from 12,000-100 BC.
Libya gained independence from Italy in 1947.
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 Madagascar
Capital City: Antananarivo
Population: 22.4m
Language: French, Malagasy

The Avenue of the

Baobabs is a group
of baobab trees lining a
dirt road in Madagascar
that is a major tourist
destination.

Baobabs have massive

cylindrical trunks, up to
three meters across,
covered with smooth,
reddish-grey bark.

Madagascar gained independence from France in 1960.

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Malawi
Capital City: Lilongwe
Population: 16.4m
Language: English, Chichewa
The country is named after Lake Malawi ,
the ninth largest lake in the world
and the third largest and
second deepest lake in Africa.

Malawi gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1964,

when it was known as Nyasaland.
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Mali People often think of Timbuktu as the remotest
place on earth, or even as being a legend or place
Capital City: Bamako which existed only in peoples imagination. In fact,
Population: 14.5m Timbuktu is located in the present day Republic of
Language: French Mali at the edge of the Sahara desert.

Mali gained independence from France in 1960.

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Mauritania The name Mauritania is derived from
Spanish description of the area as the land
Capital City: Nouakchot
of the Moors, a term used to describe Arab
Population: 4.0m rulers of Southern Spain.
Language: Arabic
Nouakchott is one of the largest cities in the Sahara.

Mauritania gained independence from France in 1960.

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 Mauritius gained independence
Mauritius from the United Kingdom in 1968.
Capital City: Port Louis
Population: 1.3m
Language: English, French, Mauritian Creole

The Seven Coloured Earth are a

geological formation in
Chamarel, south-western
Mauritius. It is a relatively
small area of sand dunes
comprising sand of seven
distinct colours (approximately
red, brown, violet, green, blue,
purple and yellow).

The island of Mauritius was named in honour of Prince Maurice of Nassau by Dutch
explorers. The French claimed Mauritius in 1715 and renamed it Ile de France. In
1810, Mauritius was captured by the British and renamed back to Mauritius.
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 Mayotte is an Overseas Region
Mayote and Department of France.
Capital City: Mamoudzou
Population: 212,000 (0.2m)
Language: French, Shimaore, Kibushi

The Comoros has a claim on a fourth

major island, Mayotte, though
Mayotte voted against independence
from France in 1974, and continues to
be administered by France.
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 Morocco
Capital City: Rabat
Population: 33.8m
Language: Arabic, Berber

The Atlas mountains are a mountain range

that stretch around 2,500 km (1,600 mi)
through Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia in
the Maghreb, an area that used to be known
as the Barbery Coast. The ranges highest
peak is in Morocco. The Atlas mountains are
mostly inhabited by Berber populations.

Western Sahara is a disputed territory

ruled by Morocco.

Morocco gained independence from France and Spain in 1956.

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Mozambique
Capital City: Maputo
Population: 24.6m
Language: Portuguese
The flag of Mozambique was adopted on May
1, 1983. It includes the image of an AK-47 with
a bayonet attached to the barrel, and is one of
only two national flags of UN member states to
feature a firearm. The other is Guatemala.

The Maputo
Railway Station
is a very good
example of
colonial
architecture.

Mozambique gained independence from Portugal in 1975.

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 Namibia gets its name from the Namib desert on
Namibia the Namibian coast. Namib means an area where
there is nothing in the local Nama language.
Capital City: Windhoek
Population: 2.1m Namibia is primarily a large desert
Language: English and semi-desert plateau.

The Equestrian Monument, more

commonly known as Reiterdenkmal.
The monument honours the soldiers
and civilians that died on the German
side of the Herero and Namaqua
War of 19041907. The Herero and
Nama genocide was a campaign of
racial extermination and collective
punishment that the German
Empire undertook in German South-
West Africa (modern-day Namibia)
against the Herero and Nama people.

Namibia gained independence from South Africa in 1990, and before that
had been under German rule with the name German South-West Africa.
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Niger
Capital City: Niamey
Population: 17.1m
Language: French
The name Niger is derived from the River
Niger, and meaning black in Latin.
The literacy rate of Niger is among the lowest in
the world; in 2005 it was estimated to be only
28.7% (42.9% male and 15.1% female).

Niger gained independence from France in 1960.

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 The name Nigeria comes from the Niger
Nigeria River which runs through the country.
Capital City: Lagos
Population: 188.4m
Language: English

Zuma Rock is a large monolith, an

igneous intrusion located in
Nigeria. It rises 725 m (2,379 ft)
above its surroundings. Biafra was a secessionist state in
southern Nigeria that existed from
May 1967 to January 1970. After
two-and-a-half years of war, during
which over 3m Biafran civilians
died from starvation caused by the
total blockade of the region by the
Nigerian government. Biafran
forces surrendered and Biafra was
reintegrated into Nigeria.

Nigeria gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1960.

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Runion The island has been inhabited
Capital City: Saint-Denis since the 17th century, when
Population: 845,000 (0.8m) people from France, Madagascar
Language: French, Runion Creole and Africa settled there.

La Runion is an Overseas Region

and Department of France.

Piton de la Fournaise (Peak of the Furnace) is a shield volcano on the

eastern side of Runion. It is currently one of the most
active volcanoes in the world.
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Rwanda Rwanda is named after the language
spoken throughout the country, Ruanda
Capital City: Kigali (also called Kinyarwanda).
Population: 11.2m
Language: English, French, Kinyarwanda

The Rwandan genocide, also known as

the genocide against the Tutsi, was the mass
slaughter of Tutsi people by members of
the Hutu majority government.
An estimated 500,0001,000,000 Rwandans
were killed during the 100-day period from
April 7 to mid-July 1994, constituting as
many as 70% of the Tutsi and 20% of
Lots of tourists visit the Volcanoes Rwanda's total population. An estimated
National Park to track the mountain 2,000,000 Rwandans were displaced and
gorillas that live there. became refugees.

Rwanda gained independence from Belgium in 1962.

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Saint Helena, Ascension
and Tristan da Cunha Ascension
Saint Helena,
and Tristan
Capital City: Jamestown (Saint Helena) da Cunha is a British
Population: 5,600 Overseas Territory.
Language: French
The island was uninhabited when it is first discovered in 1502 by Portuguese mariners.

Saint Helena is best known as the island to which French Emperor Napoleon
Bonaparte was exiled in 1815 after his defeat at the Battle of Waterloo.
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 So Tom and Prncipe
Capital City: So Tom
So Tom means St. Thomas and
Population: 0.19m Prncipe means Princes Island
Language: Portuguese both in Portuguese.

The Pico Co Grande (Portuguese for Great Dog Peak) is a landmark

volcanic plug peak in So Tom and Prncipe. A volcanic plug is created
when magma hardens within a vent on an active volcano. The Pico Co
Grande rises over 370m (1,000 ft) above the surrounding area.

So Tom and Prncipe gained independence from Portugal in 1975.

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 The name Senegal comes from the Wolof language
Senegal Sunuu Gaal, which means Our Boat.
Capital City: Dakar
Senegal gained independence from France in 1960.
Population: 13.5m
Language: French
Lake Retba or Lac Rose
(meaning Pink Lake) is
named for its pink waters
caused by algae.

The African Renaissance

Monument is a 49m tall
bronze statue outside
Dakar, and is the tallest
statue in Africa.
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 The Seychelles are named after
Seychelles Jean Moreau de Schelles,
Finance Minister of France from 1754
Capital City: Victoria
-1756.
Population: 92,000
Language: English, French, Seychellois Creole

Seychelles is located in the Indian Ocean, northeast

of Madagascar. The archipelago consists of 115
islands. The majority of the islands are uninhabited,
with many dedicated as nature reserves.

View of the second largest island of the Seychelles, Praslin.

Seychelles gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1976.

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 Portuguese explorers named it Serra da Leoa or
Sierra Leone "Serra Leoa" (meaning Lioness Mountains).
The Spanish called it Sierra Leona, which later
Capital City: Freetown
was adapted and, misspelled, and became the
Population: 7.0m country's current name.
Language: English
The Cotton Tree is a historic symbol of Freetown. According to legend, the
Cotton Tree gained importance in 1792 when a group of former African
American slaves, who had gained their freedom by fighting for the British during
the American War of Independence, settled the site of modern Freetown.

A school destroyed during the Civil War

(1991-2002); in total 1,270 primary
schools were destroyed in the war.

Sierra Leone gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1961.

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 Mogadishu is known locally as Hamar.
Somalia
Capital City: Mogadishu
Population: 12.3m
Language: Arabic, Somali

Somalia is a country located in

the Horn of Africa.

Somalia gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1960,

before which it was called British Somaliland, and previously Italian Somaliland.
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 South Africa
Capital City: Cape Town, Pretoria, Bloemfontein
Population: 54.9m
Language: Afrikaans, English & 9 Other Languages
The South African
Table Mountain (Tafelberg in Afrikaans) rugby team are known
is a flat-topped mountain overlooking the as the Springboks.
city of Cape Town in South Africa.

South Africa gained complete independence from the United Kingdom in 1961,
with the formation of the Republic of South Africa.
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 South Sudan
Capital City: Juba
Population: 12.3m
Language: English

South Sudan is currently going through a civil war.

South Sudan gained independence from Sudan in 2011,

having previously been part of Anglo-Egyptian Sudan until 1956.
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Sudan
Capital City: Khartoum
Population: 40.2m
Language: Arabic
The University of Khartoum
was founded in 1902 by the
United Kingdom. Sudan means Land of the Blacks,
from the Arabic bilad as-sudan.

The Nubian pyramids

were built by the rulers
of the ancient Kushite
kingdoms in the Nile
Valley in Sudan.

Sudan gained independence from the United Kingdom and Egypt in 1956.
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Swaziland
Capital City: Lobamba, Mbabane
Population: 1.1m
Language: English, Swazi
The flag of Swaziland features a Nguni
shield, a traditional, pointed oval-
shaped, ox or cowhide shield which is
used by various ethnic groups among
the Nguni people of southern Africa.

King Mswati III (born 1968) is the current King of Swaziland.

He has 15 wives and 30 children. His father, Sobhuza II, had
over 70 wives and 210 children.

Swaziland gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1968.

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 Tanzania
Capital City: Dodoma
Population: 51.8m
Language: English, Swahili

Mount Kilimanjaro is the tallest

mountain in Africa at 5,895m.

Ngorongoro Crater is the world's largest inactive, intact and unfilled volcanic
caldera. The crater, which formed when a large volcano exploded and collapsed on
itself 2-3 million years ago, is 610m deep and its floor covers 260km2. It is often
called Africas Garden of Eden, and is home to a very diverse range of animals.

Tanganyika (as it was then called) gained independence from the United Kingdom
in 1961. Tanganyika merged with Zanzibar in 1964
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Togo
Capital City: Lom
Population: 7.5m
Language: French

Traditional home in the Taberma Valley.

Togo gained independence from France in 1960,

when it was known as French Togoland.
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Tunisia Carthage was the centre of the ancient Carthaginian
civilization, in what is now Tunisia. The ancient city
Capital City: Tunis was destroyed by the Roman Republic in 146 BC then
Population: 10.9m re-developed as Roman Carthage, which became the
Language: Arabic major city of the Roman Empire in the province of Africa.

Tunisia gained independence from France in 1956.

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 The name Uganda comes from the Buganda,
Uganda the country's largest ethnic group.
Capital City: Kampala
Population: 37.8m
Language: English, Swahili

The Kasubi Tombs in Kampala is the

site of the burial grounds for four
Kabakas (kings of Buganda) and other
members of the Baganda royal family.

Buganda has no Crown Prince. All

princes are equally treated prior to Ronald Edward
the coronation of a new king following Frederick Kimera
the death of a reigning monarch. Muwenda Mutebi II
However, during the period of a (born 1955) is the
reigning king, a special council selects reigning Kabaka of
one prince to be his successor. the Kingdom of
Buganda.

Uganda gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1962.

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 Victoria Falls is a waterfall in southern Africa on the
Zambia Zambezi River at the border of Zambia and Zimbabwe.
Capital City: Lusaka Victoria Falls is classified as the largest, based on its
Population: 16.2m combined width of 1,708m and height of 108m,
Language: English resulting in the world's largest sheet of falling water.

Zambia is derived from the Zambezi River which flows along its southern borders.

Zambia gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1964,

and was formerly called Northern Rhodesia.
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 Zimbabwe Robert Mugabe (born 1924)
has governed the Republic of
Capital City: Harare Zimbabwe as its President
Population: 13.0m since 1987, having previously
Language: English governed as its Prime
Minister from 1980 to 1987.

As a result of hyperinflation, the Zimbabwe

Dollar has been reduced to one of the lowest
valued currency units in the world.

Zimbabwe was named after

Great Zimbabwe, an ancient
trading empire dating back to
the Iron Age. Zimbabwe means
stone houses in the local
Shona language.

Zimbabwe gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1980,

and was formerly known as Southern Rhodesia.
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