Stages of

learner
developme
nt
 Object permanence - realizing object exist
Children at this age have attention spans, are easily distracted, are
egocentric in their thinking and are not amenable to correction of
their own ideas
They can respond to simple commands such as give grandpa a kiss
and go get your teddy bear
Begin to play make-believe
They are rapidly learning more lan
 Grasphing
Potty training
Language
Pre-reading
walking
 iNFANCY AND
tODDLERHOOD
birth-2 years young
 Truth vs. mistrust delima
Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
Parallel okay
Sense of independence
Develops concept of causality
Early childhood
2-6 years young
 Becomes more aware of physical pain
Might be bossy or defiant
Becomes aware of others feelings
May show attachment to one friend
Experiences a wide range of new emotions: jealousy, excitment, anger,
ect.
 Fine and gross motor skills become refined
Theyre more coordinated
Learn to run, jump, and hop
Take stairs one step at a time
Catching and throwing abilities improve
Impacts their learning by:
Helps their connections with other kids
 Demonstrate awareness of the past and present
Actively seek answers to questions
Learn by observing and listening to instructions
Organize objects by size and shape
Understand how to group and match objects by color
How does this affect learning?
Start to become more active so start to pose more questions
MIDDLE AND LATE
CHILDHOOD
6-11 years young
 Girls more than boys begin to experience prepubescent bodily
changes
More coordinated
Ability to control their movements with greater ability
Physical growth varies from child to child
Girls exceed boys in physical maturation
 Begin to understand and use sarcasm
Still wanting to believe in magical things
Can tolerate delayed gratification
Extend intimacy to include special friends and social groups
Relationships with peers and other adults become important
influences
 Think more objectively
Willing to listen to others
Use questions to find answers
Use rational thought processes and ability to reason
They begin to use logical reasoning to draw conclusions
 Adolescence
12-19 years old
 Bodily changes like clusiness and poorly coordinated movement
Possible anorexia and diabetes development
Start to change in physical size and shape causing their appearance
to look different
Puberty
Beginning to need more attention to hygiene
Start to get sexual urges
 Psychological crisis: identity vs role confusion where you begin to
wonder your purpose and who you are
Self conscious
Strength development
Believe that everyone is worried about the same things- mostly them
Family experiences turmoil
Want to be independent
 Formal operations - abstract thought and logical reasoning
Develop an imaginary audience - type of social thinking
Development of strong relationships
Attraction towards others
Young adulthood
20-40 years old
 Physical peak
Ex: ability to run is the best it could be
Increased risk of illnesses
Ex: More likely to get cancer
 Find intimate relationships
Ex: get married
Establish of behaviors
Ex: can go out in public and know social cues
 Fully developed mentally, but still learning
Ex: all of your brain is developed, but you find out what rem sleep
is
Middle age adulthood
41-64 years old
 Wrinkles
Deterioration of organs
Loss of hearing, hair and eyesight
menopause
 Longer attention span
Can remain more focused in an environment
Are better at problem solving
Better at decision making
Weighing pros and cons
 Midlife crisis
Job burn out
Cohabitation
Living in harmony with others
Adjust well to other surroundings
Older adulthood
65+ years old
 Physical Milestones
1. Hearing loss - very common
between late 40s and 50s
2. Reduced pupil size
3. Slower processing and reaction
time
4. Decreased short-term memory
5. Altered time perception - I'll
worry about that tomorrow..in denial
or delay in taking action
1. Visual changes - brightly lit but without glare,
should be in large print,
2. Hearing - avoid covering mouth when speaking,
speak slowly, low pitch tones
3. Musculoskeletal - short sessions, frequent breaks.
Use cotton balls, hands, and fingers to cover
ears.
 Academic
mILESTONES
- Slower processing time & reaction
time
- Persistence of stimulus
(afterimage)
- Can confuse a previous
symbol or word with a new
word or symbol just
introduced
- Decreased short-term memory
- Increased test anxiety
- Altered time perception
-High test anxiety
-would have a hard time remembering for
lessons
-processing time of new information would
be difficult
HOW TO SIMULATE TEST ANXIETY
Fear of failure
Lack of preparation
Poor test history
 Social/Emotional
Milestones
Ego Integrity vs. Despair
The emotional battle between accepting
their successes and failures and life and
being in despair over choices in their life
and that they are dying
Decreased risk taking
Intimidated by formal learning
Reminisce about past
 Give time to reminisce
Use informal teaching strategies that teach things
that they can relate to their everyday life
Identify past positive experiences and Integrate new
behaviors with current ones
Encourage participation