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EVAPORATION
For the same duty and heat transfer area, the feed
forward flow evaporator is _____ compared to the
backward flow evaporator in terms of heat transfer.
A. more efficient
B. less efficient
C. just the same
D. none of these
B
EVAPORATION
The triple effect evaporator, each effect of which has 1500 ft2
of the heating surface is to be used to concentrate a solution
possessing a negligible boiling point elevation from 5% solids
to 40% solids. The 40% liquor is quite viscous and the 5%
solution is at 1800F, so as a mixed feed, in order II-III-I is to be
used. The steam available is at 250 0F and a vacuum
corresponding to 110 0F is maintained in the last effect. It is to
be expected that the overall heat transfer coefficients are 300,
500 and 400 BTU/hr-ft2-0F in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd effects,
respectively. The specific heat of the solution can be taken as
1, the condensate all leave at condensing steam temperature
and radiation is negligible. Calculate the pounds of 5% liquor
that can be concentrated per hour and the steam economy
that can be expected.
CRYSTALLIZATION
CRYSTALLIZATION
Temperature, 0C 70 10 0
Solubility, g / 100g H2O 60.2 33.3 29.4
CRYSTALLIZATION
Data:
Heat of solution: 4400 cal/gmol copperas
CpF: 0.70 BTU/lb0F
Solubility at 1200F: 140 parts copperas/100 parts excess water
Solubility at 800F: 74 parts copperas per 100 parts excess water