LEARNING TASK 1

Double-Pipe Heat Exchanger

Light lubricating oil (Cp = 2090 J/kgK) is cooled by allowing it to exchange energy
with water in a small heat exchanger. The oil enters and leaves the heat exchanger
at 375 and 350 K, respectively, and flows at a rate of 0.5kg/s. Water at 280 K
(4177 J/kgK) is available in sufficient quantity to allow 0.201 kg/s to be used for
cooling purposes. The overall heat-transfer Determine the required heat-transfer
area for
a) Counterflow operations
b) Parallel-flow operations (see Figure 22.8).
The overall heat-transfer coefficient may be taken as 250 W/m2K
Given:
OIL: Hot Fluid
mh = 0.5 kg/s
(cp)h = 2090 J/kgK
Th = 375 K 350 K = 25 K
Water: Cold Fluid
mc = 0.201 kg/s
(cp)c = 4177 J/kgK
Tc = Tc out 280 K
 Calculate heat transfer rate using the formula
= ( )
= ( )
Substituting the given

= 0.5 2090 25 = 26125
.

26125 = (0.201 )(4177 )( 280)
. ,

26125
, = + 280
(0.201)(4177)

, = 311.1
 Calculate the heat transfer area using the formula:
=
Where:
1 2
=

ln( 1 )
2
a.) For counter flow configuration
70 63.9
= = 66.9
70
ln( )
63.9

26125
= =
(250 )(66.9)
2 .

= 1.562 2
 For Parallel flow configuration
95 38.9
= = 62.8
90
ln( )
38.9

26125
=

(250 2 )(62.8)
.

= 1.662

The area required to transfer 26,125W is seen to be lower for the counterflow
arrangement by approximately 7%
Shell-and-tube

A 2-shell passes and 4-tube passes heat exchanger is used to heat glycerin from 20
to 50 by hot water, which enters the thin walled 2-cm-diameter tubes at 80 and
leaves at 40. The total length of tubes in the heat exchanger is 60m. The convection
heat transfer coefficient is 25w/m2. on the glycerin (shell) side and 160 W/m2. on
the water (tube) side. Determine the rate of heat transfer in the heat exchanger
(a) before any fouling occurs and
(b) after fouling with a fouling factor of 0.0006 m2./w occurs on the outer surfaces of
the tubes.
Given:
Glycerin: Cold Fluid
= = K
h= 25w/m2.
Water: Hot Fluid
= = K
h= 160 W/m2.
Diameter of the tube: D=2cm
Total length of the tubes: L=60m
 Assumptions
1. Steady operating condition exists
2. The heat exchanger is well insulated so that heat loss to the surroundings is negligible
3. Heat transfer coefficients and fouling factor are constant and uniform
4. The thermal resistance of the inner tube is negligible since the tube is thin-walled and
highly conductive

Solution:
The tubes are said to be thin-walled, and thus it is reasonable to assume inner and outer
surface areas of the tubes are equal. Then the heat transfer surface area becomes

= = 0.02 60
= 3.772
The rate of heat transfer in this heat exchanger can be determined from

=
Where F is the correction factor
 The log mean temperature difference for the counterflow arrangement is
determined from

1 = , , = 80 50 = 30
2 = , , = 40 20 = 20

30 20
, = = 24.7
30
ln( )
20

The correction factor F is determined by plotting S and R in Fig. 11-4 b (Perrys CHE
HB)
2 1 40 80
= = = 0.67
1 1 20 80

1 2 20 50
= = = 0.75
2 1 40 80
 From the graph
= 0.91
(a) In case of no fouling, the overall heat transfer coefficient U is
1 1
= = = 21.6 /2
1 1 1 1
+ +
160/2 25/2
Then the rate of heat transfer becomes

= , = 21.6 2 3.772 0.91 24.7

= 1830

(b) When there is fouling on one of the surfaces, the overall heat transfer coefficient
U is
1 1
= = = 21.3/2
1 1 1 1
+ + 2 + + 0.0006 2 /
160/ 25

2
 The rate of heat transfer in this case becomes

= , = 21.3 2 3.772 0.91 24.7

= 1805

The rate of heat transfer decreases as a result of fouling

Extended Surfaces
Steam in a heating system flows through tubes whose outer diameter is D1=3cm and
whose walls are maintained at a temperature of 120. Circular aluminum alloy fins
(k=180W/m.) of outer diameter D2=6cm and constant thickness t=2mm are attached
to the tubes. The space between the fins is 3mm, and thus there are 200 fins per meter
length of the tube. Heat is transferred to the surrounding air at =25, with a
combined heat transfer coefficient of h=60W/m2.. Determine (a) the increase in heat
transfer from the tube per meter of its length as a result of adding fins and (b) the
overall overall effectiveness of the finned tube.

Assumptions:
1. Steady operating condition exists
2. The heat transfer coefficient is uniform over the entire fin surfaces
3. The thermal conductivity is constant
4. Heat transfer by radiation is negligible
 Given:
= 120
= 25
D1=3cm
t=2mm
D2=6cm
n= 200 fins per meter length of the tube
k=180W/m.
h=60W/m2.
 In the case of no fins, heat transfer from the tube per meter of its length is
determined from Newtons law of cooling to be

= 1 = 0.03 1 = 0.09422
=

= (60 2 )(0.09422 )(120 25)
.
= 537
In the case of the finned portion of the tube we have
1 1
= 2 1 = 0.06 0.03 = 0.015
2 2
For the circular fins, the following formulas were used
0.002
2 = 2 + = 0.02 + = 0.031
2 2
0.002
= + = 0.015 + = 0.016
2 2
= = 0.016. 0.002 = 3.20105 2
 2 0.031
= = 2.07
2 0.015

60 2
3/2
= (0.016)3/2 . = 0.207

(180
. )(3.20105 2 )

Substituting these two values to the figure on the next slide we get the efficiency of
the circular fins to be : = 0.96

2
= 2 2 12 = 2 (0.031)2 (0.015)2
= 0.0046242

= , =
= (0.96)(60 2.)(0.0046242 )(120 25)
= 25.3
0.96

Efficiency of Circular Fins of constant thickness

 Heat transfer from the unfinned portion of the tube is
= 1 = 0.03 0.003 = 0.000283 2
=

= 60 0.0002832 120 25
2 .

= 1.6
Noting that there are 200 fins and thus 200 interfin spacings per meter length of
the tube, the total heat transfer from the finned tube becomes
, = + = 200 25.3 + 1.6 = 5380

Therefore, the increase in heat transfer from the tube per meter of its length as a
result of the addition of the fins is
= , = 5380 537

= 4843 (per tube m length)

 The overall effectiveness of the finned tube is
, 5380
, = =
, 537

, = 10