By:

Shawna
Jackson
and
Lori Winters
 Identify reasons for keeping your mouth
healthy
Discuss what causes teeth and gums to
become unhealthy
Demonstrate proper brushing and flossing
techniques as well as identifying the benefits of
both
Discuss oral complications that may arise
during pregnancy and how to prevent
Demonstrate proper infant oral care
 Eating
Speaking
Esthetics
(smiling and self
esteem)
Incisor-
teeth in the
very front,
sharpest teeth,
built to cut
food and
shaped to
shovel the
food toward
the back of the
mouth..
 Canine-
corners of
the mouth,
meant for
grasping and
tearing food,
they have
very long
roots.
 Premolar-
flat chewing surface
because they're meant
for crushing food.
Molar-
last teeth towards the
back of your mouth,
much bigger than the
Premolars and have
bigger, flatter chewing
surfaces because their
job is to chew and
grind the food into
smaller pieces.
 Enamel- White outer
surface of tooth,
Calcified surface that
is stronger than bone.
 Dentin-Surface
directly beneath enamel
that is less calcified,
similar to bone,
becomes visible with
excessive wear to the
teeth.
 Pulp- Inner most part
of the tooth, houses
the nerve and blood
supply to the tooth.
Damage could cause the
tooth to die.
 Plaque-
A sticky film that
forms on your teeth
from the bacteria,
food, and saliva in
your mouth.
In the BEFORE
picture, you can
see the buildup of
plaque on these
teeth with the aid
of a disclosing
agent.
The AFTER
picture shows the
removed plaque.
Without proper care,
the acid from this
bacteria eats away at
your tooth to cause
cavities.
Plaque can be removed
by brushing and
flossing.
 gingivitis
Gingivitis-
Caused by the
accumulation of
plaque on the tooth
and under the gum
tissue.
healthy
 Gingivitis-
Causes the gums
to become red,
inflamed, and to
bleed and hurt
when brushing.
 Tartar-
Plaque that is not
removed will sit on
the teeth and
below the gums,
will harden or
mineralize, thus
forming tartar.
 Tartar is also an
irritant to the gum
tissue that can
cause gingivitis
Tartar can only
be removed by
your dental
hygienist.
 Brushing removes plaque
and food debris that sits on
your teeth
Brushing also keeps your
gum tissue healthy
Brushing promotes a clean
and healthy environment in
your mouth
Brush twice daily
with a soft bristled
toothbrush
When brushing,
make sure that half
the bristles are on
the gums and half
on the tooth
Brush in a small
circular motions,
with light pressure
Brush for 2-3
minutes
Don’t forget to
brush your tongue
 Flossing reaches where the
tooth brush cannot
Floss cleans between the
teeth, a popular area of cavities
to form
Flossing also removes the
plaque and debris below the
gum line
 Floss at least once a day,
preferably before going to
bed
Use an arm’s length piece
of floss
Wrap around middle
fingers leave ½” between
fingers, and use index
fingers as your guide
•Don’t snap into the gums,
instead use a gentle see-
saw motion
•Once in between the teeth,
wrap floss around the tooth
in a “c” formation and move
in up/down motion
 Fluoride is a
mineral
Helps fight decay
in areas where
enamel has started
to breakdown
Prevents decay by
strengthening the
enamel
 Fluoride is found in
most any toothpaste
Over-the-counter
rinses, like ACT
Fluoride is also
found in many cities
water sources
 At the dentist a
stronger dose of
fluoride is either
rinsed or brushed on
Dentist can also
prescribe rinses for at
home use
 Fluoride should
be brushed on or
rinsed with after
brushing and
flossing
You shouldn’t
eat or drink
anything for
thirty minutes
afterwards
 Fluoride is not
meant to be ingested.
Too much fluoride
can cause an upset
stomach.
Too much fluoride,
when ingested, could
also affect the baby’s
teeth adversely,
causing enamel
defects or
discoloration.
 The taking of
dental radiographs
during pregnancy
continues to be a
controversial issue.
It should be
noted, however,
that a pregnant
patient who is
properly shielded
can safely receive
dental x-rays at
any time.
 You lose a False to all:
tooth for every Meticulous oral
pregnancy hygiene with
Babies drain fluoride regimen
the calcium will help to
from your teeth prevent all tooth
and gum
Every time you problems
are pregnant experienced
your gums bleed during
and you have pregnancy
problems with
them
 Gingivitis- inflammation or swelling
of the gum tissues caused by
increase in plaque accumulation
Results in red, swollen, sensitive
gums that bleed easily
 During pregnancy the body’s
response to dental plaque can be
exaggerated due to an increase in
hormone levels and preexisting
problems can be worsened
 First seen in second month of
pregnancy and peaks in the last
trimester
Meticulous oral hygiene can
decrease these risks dramatically
 Also know as pyogenic
granuloma.
Rare, usually painless lesion,
develops on gums in response to
plaque
Non-cancerous
•Subside shortly after childbirth
•No treatment is required unless
causes problems with eating,
speaking, or swallowing
•If treatment is needed, it is
surgically removed
Without the removal of plaque and
tartar, bacteria will continue to
grow and thrive above and below
the gum line, thus causing damage
to and eventually destroying the
structures that hold your teeth in
your mouth
Periodontal
disease:
Progressive
disease that
results in loss of
attachment,
bone, and
surrounding
The bacteria from periodontal
disease can enter the blood stream
and travel to major organs and
begin new infections:
•Increase risk of heart disease and
stroke
•Increase a woman's risk of
having a pre-term, low birth
weight baby
•Pose a serious threat to people
whose health is compromised by
diabetes
Preterm Low Birth Weight Births
Smoking, alcohol use, and drug use contribute to
mothers having babies that are born prematurely at
a low birth weight.
Evidence suggests a new risk factor – periodontal
disease.
Pregnant women who have periodontal disease
may be seven times more likely to have a baby that
is born too early and too small.
Preterm Low Birth Weight Births
Periodontal disease triggers increased levels of
biological fluids that induce labor.
Women whose periodontal condition worsens
during pregnancy may have an even higher risk.
All infections are cause for concern among
pregnant women because they pose a risk to the
health of the baby.
 Do you ever have pain in your mouth?
Do your gums ever bleed when you brush your
Take a Self- teeth or when you eat hard food?
Evaluation Quiz
Have you noticed any spaces developing
Persistent swollen, between your teeth?
red or bleeding
Do your gums ever feel swollen or tender?
gums, tooth
sensitivity, and bad Have you noticed that your gums are receding
breath are warning (pulling back from your teeth) or your teeth
signs of periodontal appear longer than before?
(gum) disease -- a Do you have persistent bad breath?
serious infection Have you noticed pus between your teeth and
that, left untreated, gums?
can lead to tooth
Have you noticed any change in the way your
loss. teeth fit together when you bite?
Do you ever develop sores in your mouth?
 When you light your
cigarette in pregnancy,
you're not the only one
who smokes - Your
baby does to!
Not a good habit
anyway, smoking can
have serious
consequences for your
baby if you keep it up
throughout your
pregnancy.
 Some good reasons to quit while you are
pregnant:

More likely to have a healthier pregnancy and a

healthier baby
Cope better with the birth
Your baby will cope better with any birth
complication
Your baby is less likely to be born too early and
have to face the additional breathing, feeding and
health problems which so often go with prematurity
 More good reasons to quit while you are
pregnant:

Your baby is less likely to be born underweight

and have extra problems in keeping warm
It will be better for your baby later too as
children whose parents smoke are more likely to
suffer later on from illnesses like asthma
You will reduce the risk of SIDS for your baby
Recently the question has arose
among the public as to whether a
woman should totally quit smoking
cold turkey or gradually cut back their
tobacco usage. It has been noted in
talking with individuals in the OB/GYN
profession that women should quit
smoking as soon as they discover they
are pregnant.
 Pregnancy is the most nutritionally
demanding time of a woman's life. Your body
needs enough nutrients every day to support
the growth of your baby.
Pregnant women need more calories and
essential nutrients than other women.
If the nourishment needed for baby's
developing tissues and organs is not enough,
he/she may not develop normally.
 Protein is needed for the buildup of your uterus, breasts,
blood supply, and baby's tissues.
Low protein intake is related to smaller-than-average babies
who may have health problems.
Folate is required for protein tissue construction. Low folate
levels are linked to birth defects, such as spina bifida.
Foods high in folate are the dark green veggies.
Calcium is needed by your baby for strong bones. If calcium
is not supplied by the mother's diet, calcium is taken from the
mother's long bones, not the teeth, for the baby.
•Low Zinc levels during pregnancy are
associated with long labor and small
babies who may have health problems.
•Iron deficiency is common in pregnant
women. Both mother and baby need iron
for developing blood supplies. It is
practically impossible to get enough iron
from food. Doctors usually recommend
supplements.
Pregnant women should make sure to include in their diets:

Sufficient calories for adequate weight gain

A variety of foods from each food group
Regular meals and snacks
30 grams of dietary fiber
10 or more cups of water each day
Salt to taste
 The Food Guide
Pyramid
recommendations are
as follows:
9 servings per day of
bread, cereal, rice, and
pasta
4 servings per day of
vegetables
3 servings per day of
fruits
 The Food Guide Pyramid
recommendations are as
follows:
3 servings per day of milk,
yogurt, and cheese
3 servings per day of meat,
poultry, fish, beans, eggs, and
nuts
Fats, oils, and sweets should be
used sparingly
 If nausea and vomiting is a
problem, it is important to
frequently brush or rinse with
water. The acid could cause
erosion of the teeth.
If you are craving sweets,
this could cause an increase
in cavities. So, just
remember to snack on raw
veggies and fruits.
 Scheduling
appointments in the
second trimester. Best
time for routine care.
Shorter appointments
and changing positions
on the chair for your
comfort needs.
 Important even
before baby has
teeth
*after feeding,
wipe out baby’s
mouth with
warm washcloth
or gauze
 When teeth
have erupted:
*brush baby’s
teeth with a
infant brush
along with a
non-fluorinated
tooth and gum
gel twice daily
*use small
amount
 Never put your
child to bed with
a bottle of
anything but
water.
The sugar in
milk and juice
will pool and
constantly coat
the teeth
causing decay.
 Check for oral risks
Recommend the
correct type of
prevention for the child
Answer any
questions
Decide on follow up
exams
What are you not able to take care of on
your own?
A. Plaque removal
B. Flossing properly
C. Tartar removal
D. Brushing properly
Fluorosis is something only you can get
from too much fluoride.
True
False
Pregnancy gingivitis is something that
happens to everyone when they are
pregnant and can not be reversed.
True
False
Pregnancy makes you (more/less)
susceptible to periodontal disease?
Periodontal disease is associated with all of the
following conditions, except:
A. Pre-term, low birth weight baby
B. Diabetes
C. Heart Problems
D. Asthma