LTE - Agenda

LTE Road LTE LTE Access

LTE Basic Map LTE Channel
Architecture Network
Aim of Long Term Evolution

Lower
Reduce deployment
Increased
Network and
Capacity
Complexity operating
cost
What is LTE ?
3GPP Long Term Evolution, referred to as LTE and
marketed as 4G LTE, is a standard for wireless
communication of high-speed data for mobile phones and
data terminals. It is based on the GSM/EDGE and
UMTS/HSPA network technologies, increasing the
capacity and speed using new modulation techniques. In
Nov. 2004, 3GPP began a project to define the long-term
evolution (LTE) of Universal Mobile Telecommunications
System (UMTS) cellular technology
Higher performance
Backwards compatible
Wide application

5
LTE Key factors
LTE
High Data Rates
> 100 Mbps Downlink
> 50 Mbps Uplink
Channel Setup < 100 ms

Why ?
Mobile Broadband Tendency
Customers need for more Spectral Efficience platform for Mobile data
communicattion. ( Cost of Bits / Hz)
Efficient Reducing OPEX & CAPEX
Easy to deploy (self configuring/optimizing)
TDD / FDD & Spectrum Flexibility
New Services (IPTV & Games in Real Time)
High Performance for Broadcast Services
Wide Range of Terminals
Increase Service Provisioning
Evolution of Radio Access
Technologies
802.16m

802.16d/e

LTE (3.9G) :
3GPP release 8~9
LTE-Advanced :
3GPP release 10+

7
Towards LTE
 Mobile broadband speed evolution
Reported
Subscriptions (million)
7 000

6 000

5 000

4 000

3 000

2 000

1 000 LTE Evolution

0
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Other CDMA Mobile WiMAX GSM/GPRS/EDGE WCDMA HSPA LTE

LTE

HSPA Evolution

HSPA
3G- R99

Target
Peak rate 384 kbps 3.6 Mbps 7/14 Mbps 21/28/42 Mbps ~150 Mbps 1 Gbps
2002 2005 2007 2008/2009 2009 2013
LTE Terminals

Examples of Terminals that to be available for LTE

LTE Evolution
LTE Smooth Migration
LTE (Long Term Evolution)
Radio Side (LTE Long Term Evolution)
Improvements in spectral efficiency, user throughput,
latency
Simplification of the radio network
Efficient support of packet based services

Network Side (SAE System Architecture

Evolution)
Improvement in latency, capacity, throughput
Simplification of the core network
Optimization for IP traffic and services
Simplified support and handover to non-3GPP access
technologies
Evolution Path Architecture
LTE

The pay load is to be directed to a

tunnel (eUTRAN)

Payload goes directly from the

evolved node B to the Gateway

Control plane is directed at the

Mobility management end.
WCDMA (HSPA) x LTE Access Network

WCDMA System Architeture LTE System Architeture

RAN
eUTRAN (LTE) interfaces
Logical view

MME/GW Evolved
Packet
Core

S1-C S1-C S1-C

Evolved
UTRAN

X2 X2

eNode B eNode B eNode B

LTE eNodeB

LTE eNodeB

Coding, Interleaving, modulation & typical layer functions.

ARQ, Header Compression & layer functions
Security Functions (Ciphering / Integrity Protection )
eNodeB take decisions about Handover & scheduling for
uplink and downlink.
Radio Resources Control functions
Connected to the Core Network with S1 Interface (similar as
Iu)
X2 is similar to Iur Interface, mainly used to support the
Active Mode Mobility.
WCDMA (HSPA) x LTE Core

WCDMA System Architeture LTE - SAE System Architeture Evolution

WCDMA LTE - Core

LTE Core

Introduction of EPC Evolved Packet Core

SAE just covers Packet Switched Domain
HSS is the same as HLR in GSM/WCDMA network
HSS uses the S6 interface
eNodeB is connected to the EPC by S1 Interface
EPC acts as anchor in the SAE Core Network for mobility
Charging
Management of Subscriber
Mobility Management ( roaming )
QOS Handling
Policy Control of Data Flows
Interconection with External Networks
 SAE: System Architecture Evolution

IP networks
S7
WSM module PCRF
S7c
Wx* S7b S9
S7a
HSS AAA PDN Gateway (PDN
HLR Wm* GW): The PDN
S6a
SGi
Gateway is the node
Gr S6c
S2a that terminates the
PDN GW SGi interface towards
S2b
S5/S8 the PDN
S4
S2c
S11 Serv GW S103 The Serving Gateway
SGSN MME is the node that
S3 S101/102
S10 terminates the
ePDG interface towards LTE
Wn*
Gb Iu-C S12 RAN
S1-C S1-U Wn* Wa* Ta*

Mobility Non-3GPP
Management Non-3GPP
2G Entity 3G LTE Non-trusted
Trusted
(MME): The MME Eg cdma
manages mobility,
UE identities and
security parameters
 SAE CN Architecture
SGi

S4
S3 S11
SAE GW
SGSN MME

MME Functionality S10

S1-MME S1-U

eNodeB X2

Roaming (S6a towards home HSS)

Authentication
SAE GW selection
Idle mode mobility handling
Tracking Area Update
Paging
Mobility handling of
inter-MME (pool) handover (triggered by eNodeB)
inter-RAT handover (triggered by eNodeB)
QoS negotiation with UE and eNodeB
Security
Ciphering and integrity protection of NAS signalling
Secure control signalling transport on S1 interface (unless taken
care of by a SEG (Security Gateway))
O&M security (?)
 SAE CN Architecture
SGi

S4

SAE GW Functionality
PDN SAE GW:
SGSN
S3
MME

S10
S11
SAE GW

Policy Enforcement
Per-user based packet filtering (by e.g. deep packet inspection) S1-MME S1-U
Charging Support
User plane anchor point for mobility between 3GPP accesses and non-3GPP accesses
routing of user data towards the S-GW eNodeB X2
Security
O&M security (?)
Lawful Intercept

Serving SAE GW:

User plane anchor point for inter-eNB handover (within one pool)
User plane anchor point for inter-3GPP mobility
routing of user data towards the eNodeB
routing of user data towards the P-GW
routing of user data towards the SGSN (2G and 3G) or RNC (3G with Direct Tunnel)
Security
Secure user data transport on S1 interface (unless taken care of by a SEG (Security Gateway))
O&M security (?)
Lawful Intercept

The PDN SAE GW and the Serving SAE GW may be implemented in one physical node or separated physical
nodes.

Key LTE radio access features

LTE radio access

OFDMA
Downlink: OFDM
Uplink: SC-FDMA SC-FDMA

Advanced antenna solutions

Diversity
Beam-forming TX TX
Multi-layer transmission (MIMO)

Spectrum flexibility
Flexible bandwidth
New and existing bands
1.4 MHz 20 MHz
Duplex flexibility: FDD and TDD
LTE Access Network
LTE employs OFDMA in DL and SC-FDMA in UL

LTE basic charactheristics:

Flexibility bandwidth (from 1.4 Mhz to 20 MHZ).

Orthogonally in uplink and downlink.
Modulation : QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM.
FDD (frequency division duplex), HD FDD ( half frequency
division duplex & TDD (time Division Duplex are supported).
Advanced Antenna Technology MIMO is used in downlink
to allow high peak rates.
 Channel Structure Downlink and Uplink

Downlink Uplink

PCCH MTCH MCCH BCCH DTCH DCCH CCCH DTCH DCCH CCCH
Logical Channels
type of information
(traffic/control)
pri sec

PCH MC BCH DL-SCH UL-SCH RACH

H Transport Channels
how and with what
characteristics
(common/shared/mc/bc)
-Sched TF DL
-Sched grant UL
PDCCH -Pwr Ctrl cmd
info -HARQ info ACK/NACK Physical Channels
bits, symbols,
PMCH PBCH PDSCH PCFICH PDCCH PHICH PUCCH PUSCH PRACH
ACK/NACK modulation, radio
CQI frames etc
Scheduling req.
LTE Logical Channels ( type of Information)

BCCH ( Broadcast Control Channel )

Used for transmission of system control information to all mobiles in the
cell. Prior to access the network the mobile needs to read the
information on BCCH to find out how the system is configured, for
example the bandwidth.

PCCH ( Paging Control Channel )

used for Paging of Mobiles whose location on cell level in not know to
the network.

DCCH ( Dedicated Control Channel )

Used for Transmission of control information to/from mobile. This
channel is used for individual configuration of Terminals such as
differents kinds of handover messages.
LTE Logical Channels ( type of Information)

MCCH ( Multicast Control Channel )

used for transmission of control information

required for reception of the MTCH.

DTCH ( Dedicated Traffic Channel )

used for transmission of user data to/from
a mobile terminal. This is the logical channel type used for
transmission of all uplink and non-MBMS downlink user data.

MTCH ( Multicast Traffic Channel )

used for downlink transmission of MBMS
services.
LTE Transport Channels
BCH ( Broadcast Channel )
Fixed Tranport Format
Used for identification of cells & transmission of BCCH logical channel.

RACH ( Random Access Channel )

Used for Access the Network from theTerminal.
Limited control information and colission risk.

PCH ( Paging Channel )

is used for transmission of paging information on the
PCCH logical channel. The PCH supports discontinuous reception
(DRX) to allow the mobile terminal to save battery power by sleeping
and waking up to receive the PCH only at predefined time instants.
LTE Transport Channels
DL-SCH (Downlink Shared Channel)
Used for transmission of data in LTE
DL SCH TTI is 1 ms
Support Features as Dynamic Rate Adaptation & Channel
Dependent Scheduling in time and frequency domain.

MCH ( Multi Cast Channel)

Used to support MBMS

UL - SCH ( Uplink Shared Channel )

Used for transmission of data in LTE
UL SCH TTI 1 ms
Support Features as Dynamic Rate Adaptation & Channel
Dependent Scheduling in time and frequency domain.
Commercial Views
LTE SAE Commercial Path
Validate First vendor LTE Commercial
technology selection deployment

2007 2008 2009 2010

Wireless Broadband
Main vendor strategies

Mobile
Vendor HSPA LTE EV-DO UMB
WiMAX

Cooperation
with Huawei

Sold to ALU 2006

Support Focus