The document summarizes the key events and factors that led to the abolition of the trans-Atlantic slave trade between 1807-1886, including:
1) Growing opposition from abolitionists, religious groups, intellectuals, and enslaved peoples themselves put pressure on governments to end the slave trade.
2) Economic factors like falling sugar prices and the bankruptcy of many Caribbean plantations weakened the political power of planters who had supported the trade.
3) The Haitian Revolution of 1791 and establishment of Haiti as an independent black republic set an example and increased calls to end the inhumane trade.
4) Acts of the British Parliament in 1807 and other countries in the
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Final dismantlement of slave systems (powerpoint).pptx
The document summarizes the key events and factors that led to the abolition of the trans-Atlantic slave trade between 1807-1886, including:
1) Growing opposition from abolitionists, religious groups, intellectuals, and enslaved peoples themselves put pressure on governments to end the slave trade.
2) Economic factors like falling sugar prices and the bankruptcy of many Caribbean plantations weakened the political power of planters who had supported the trade.
3) The Haitian Revolution of 1791 and establishment of Haiti as an independent black republic set an example and increased calls to end the inhumane trade.
4) Acts of the British Parliament in 1807 and other countries in the
The document summarizes the key events and factors that led to the abolition of the trans-Atlantic slave trade between 1807-1886, including:
1) Growing opposition from abolitionists, religious groups, intellectuals, and enslaved peoples themselves put pressure on governments to end the slave trade.
2) Economic factors like falling sugar prices and the bankruptcy of many Caribbean plantations weakened the political power of planters who had supported the trade.
3) The Haitian Revolution of 1791 and establishment of Haiti as an independent black republic set an example and increased calls to end the inhumane trade.
4) Acts of the British Parliament in 1807 and other countries in the
systems, 1807-1886 The abolition of the trans-atlantic trade in Africans. Lest you forget- Doris Hamilton-Willie
Reasons for passing of Act to abolish Slave
trade A) hard work of Abolitionists. B) Establishment of Continental blaockade by napoleon Bonaparte during napoleonic wars.( glut of sugar on british market which meant fall in price. C) Planters in older colonies supported abolition.( fearing competition from newer colonies) Reasons for passing of abolition of slave trade act. British slave traders supplied slaves to foreign territorries and provided competition for British West indian sugar production.
The death of British Prime Minister , William Pitt
in 1806 cleared the way for appointment of men who supported the abolition movement. (William WyndhamGrenville, PM , and foreign secretary Charles James Fox ) From Columbus to castro- Eric Williams Abolition of slave Abolition of slavery: trade ; 1833 Britain 1803 Denmark 1846 Sweden 1807 Britain 1848 France 1817 France 1863 Holland 1818 Holland 1873 Puerto Rico 1820 Spain 1880 Cuba 1824 Sweden State of Jamaican plantation sector prior to 1807 Between 1799 and 1807-65 plantations abandoned, 32 sold due to bankruptcy
1806 price of sugar less than cost of
production. Freedom Delayed: Verene Shepherd
Opposition to the White Activists:broad-
Transatlantic Trade in based alliance of Africans by: religious sects, Slave Activists: In Africa, politicians, philosophers, On middle passage, on intellectuals, plantations. Strategies industrialists, workers included running away, organisations and everyday acts of womens groups. sabotage, wars of Religious groups included resistance. Baptists, methodists, Moravians and Quakers. Opposition to TTA: White Activists contd Society for the abolition of the Slave Trade formed in 1787 by Granville Sharpe and Thomas Clarkson. Adam Smith, -Economist-( The Wealth of Nations) Influential whites included: Thomas Fowell Buxton, George Fox, John Wesley, Joseph Sturge, Josiah Wedgewood, Joseph Woods,James Phillips,Joseph Hooper, George Harrison, John Barton Women Activists Women contributed approximately 10 % of financial support of the Society for The Abolition of the Slave trade. Women included:Mary Birkett, Hannah Moore, Mary Wollstonecraft. A considerable body of working and middle class women were involved in the campaign from its early stages. Stategies used by women included speaking out against the TTA, boycotting slave grown produce and writing anti-slavery tracts. Black Activists Ignatius Sancho-went to Olaudah Equiano or Gustavus England at age 2 in 1731. ( Vassa-kidnapped in Africa at First African to vote in Britain). age 11. Eventually bought his He was a popular shopkeeper. freedom from his third master, First African prose writer to a Quaker. He wrote and have his work published in published his abolitionist England. Vocal opponent of autobiography and best seller, trafficking in Africans.Wrote The Interesting narrative of the numerous letters soliciting Life of Olaudah Equiano, or support against the slave Gustavus Vassa, The African. trade. He travelled extensively around Britain giving talks about the evils of the TTA. Black Activists, Contd Ottabah Cugoano- First published African critic of the TTA. Kidnapped in Ghana and enslaved . Migrated from Grenada to England around 1752 and given his freedom. Published in 1787,Thoughts and Sentiments of the Evil and Wicked traffic of the Slavery nd Commerce of the human Species. He wrote that enslaved people had both the moral right and moral duty to resist their masters. Sons of Africa group of Africans in London who gave support to abolition movement. Testimonies of slaves- exposed by abolitionists Black Activists included: Robert mandeville,Thomas Cooper, Jasper Goree and William Greene. Role of Haiti St. Domingue Revolution of 1791 led to emancipation and Haitian independence. Haitian constitution of 1805 declared that any enslaved person who arrived in Haiti would be declared a citizen. This effectively abolished slavery and replaced it with citizenship. Haiti became the Atlantic symbol of black redemption and liberation. Liberties Lost- Verene Shepherd European Abolitionist 1791- French national Movements assembly debated and French Abolitionist Movement condemmed both the influenced by Marie Jean transatlantic slave trading and Condorcet, Antoine Lavosier, colonial slave owning. Jacques-Pierre Brissot, Declared that any person who Honors Mirabeau, Etienne arrived on French soil would Claviere, Louis-Alexandra La be free of slavery. Rochefoucauld and Jerome French govt. distinguished Petion. between slave trading and slave owning. 1794 Convention in paris abolished slavery. Slave trading continued under law. Legislating Abolition An act of the British Parliament In 1783 the house of was needed to end the slave Commons next debated a bill trade. to abolish the TTA on moral Petitions started to reach the grounds. This was not Parliament around 1776. supported as it was the view of In 1776 Davis Hartley the majority of members that presented the first Bill against slavery was too important to slavery and the TTA. This was the economy of the British rejected. empire for the TTA to end. 1787- Founding of a Committee for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave trade -2- phased approach taken: first abolition of trade then abolition of slavery. Legislating abolition, contd 1781- William Wilberforce introduced bill to abolish TTA ( defeated by 163 votes to 88). 1804-House of Commons passed Slave Abolition Bill thrown out by House of Lords. 1805-Prime Minister, William Pitt secured Order- In-Council indicating that as of 1806 certain Crown Colonies, would not longer be allowed to import Africans.( William Pitt died in 1806) Government of new Prime Minister, Lord Grenville was opposed to TTA. Legislating Abolition Contd 1806 Resolution moved by Charles Fox for the immediate and total abolition of the slave trade. 1807-Slave trade Abolition Bill was passed in the House of lords by 40 votes to 20. Became law in May 1807 and became effective 1st january 1808. The exception to this Act: ships which were already cleared to trade Africans. These ships could operate until march 1808. Responses to Abolition English slavers sailed In 1811 the British govt. under flags of other increased the penalties countries that still had for these offences in hope slave trade , eg. France, of reducing these Spain, Portugal. activities. Slave captains often Haitian govt. patrolled the threw human cargo high seas and freed the overboard if they were slaves and granted them discovered by British Haitian citizenship, eg. navy. Spanish ship Dos Unidos, in 1819. French Abolitionist Movement Influential persons: Marie Jean Condorcet,Antoine Lavoisier, Jacques-Pierre Brissot, Honors Mirabeau,Etienne Clavier, Louis-alexandre La Rochefoucauld, Jerome Petion. 1791-French national Assembly debated and condemmed both TTA and colonial slave owning. Declared that any person who arrived on French soil would be free of slavery. French distinguished between slave trading and slave ownership. 1794-Convention in Paris abolished slavery but continued slave trading. Danish Abolition 1792-Danish govt. declared that from 1803 slave trade would be prohibited in its colonies. Danish colonies, St. Croix and St. thomas stocked up on slaves by importing large amounts. Danish govts position was that economic benefits of slave trade had fallen to low level and was no longer worth the moral and political criticism and outrage. African forts were no longer profitable. Danish govt. recommended the breeding of creole slaves instead of purchasing new African slaves. Colonist encouraged to treat slaves well and promote natural increase. Past paper questions Assess the factors Discuss the view that that contributed to the a combination of abolition of the trans- developments and Atlantic trade in ideas brought about Africans to the the abolition of Caribbean. ( 2008) slavery in the British caribbean.(2002) American Abolition Movement 1780s many states eg. Carolinas , Maryland and Virginia outlawed the importation of enslaved persons from Africa. 1778-Legislature of massachusetts debated an anti-human trade bill. 1778- Virginians voted to free all illegally imported Africans.