Polytechnic University of the Philippines

College of Arts and Letters

Anonas St. Sta. Mesa, Manila

Linguistic Foundation:
Receptive (Listening and
Reading)
LANGUAGE STRUCTURE AND USE

Prepared by: Franchezca Aileen P. Reyes

Course, Year and Section: AB English IV - 3
Professor Xavier Aquino Velasco
FOUR DOMAINS OF LANGUAGE

LISTENING (receptive, receiving input)

SPEAKING (expressive, producing input)
READING (receptive, receiving input)
WRITING (expressive, producing iput
WHAT IS RECEPTIVE?

Having the quality of receiving, taking in, or

admitting.

Able or quick to receive knowledge, ideas, etc.

LISTENING

Listening is the ability to accurately receive and

interpret messages in the communication
process.
LISTENING IS NOT THE SAME AS HEARING

Hearing refers to the sounds that enter your ear.

Listening requires focus and concentrated effort
to perceive and understand a message.
READING

Reading is the ability to:

Receive,
Attend to,
Interpret,
and Respond emotionally to written
messages.
LISTENING AND READING
SPOKEN LANGUAGE
(LISTENING)
Tends to be informal and colloquial.
Often unplanned, unorganized, with
repetition, hesitations, and interruptions.
Vagueness and ambiguity are allowed
and often preferred.
Stress, intonation, and pauses show
emphasis and groupings of ideas.
Body language (e.g. facial expressions,
gestures) helps in understanding.
WRITTEN LANGUAGE
(READING)
Tends to me more formal.
Usually planned and organized with little
repetition.
Precision and clarity are preferred, and
often required.
Punctuations and spaces between
words show word, sentence, and
paragraph boundaries.
Text often has little or no visual support.
 PRAGMATICS

SEMANTICS
THE
DEVELOPMENT SYNTAX
OF LANGUAGE
IN CHILDREN MORPHOLOGY

PHONOLOGY
SEMANTICS
SEMANTICS

It is the study of meaning of words, phrases, and

sentences.
It is what the speaker conventionally means
objective and general message.
THREE TYPES OF SEMANTIC ANALYSIS

Semantic Features Words as containers

Semantic Roles Roles the word fulfills in the
sentence.
Lexical Relation Relationship with other words.
SEMANTIC FEATURES

This relates to the conceptual components of

the word.
SEMANTIC ROLES

Words are described according to the roles they

fulfill with the situation described in a sentence.

The boy kicked the ball.

Kicked = Verb, indicates the action.

Boy = Agent, performer of the action.
Ball = Theme, undergoes the action
 Here are some roles in which people or things in the
sentence can take.
Agent = the entity that performs the action.
Theme = the entity that undergoes the action.
Experiencer = one who perceives something.
Instrument = an entity used to perform and action.
Location = the place where the action happens.
Source = the place from which an action originates.
Goal = the place where the action is directed.
 Mary saw a fly on the wall.
EXPERIENCER THEME LOCATION

She borrowed a magazine from George.

AGENT THEME SOURCE

She squashed the bug with the magazine.

AGENT THEME INSTRUMENT

She handed the magazine back to George.

AGENT THEME GOAL
LEXICAL RELATIONS

It explains the meaning in terms of the

relationship with other words.

Synonymy
Antonymy
Hyponymy
Homophones and Homonyms
SYNONYMY

Words that have the same meanings or that are

closely related in meaning.

Answer Reply
Broad Wide
Buy Purchase
Freedom Liberty
ANTONYMY

Words that are opposites in meanings.

Hot Cold
Dead Alive
Asleep Awake
HYPONYMY

Words whose meanings are specific instances

of a more general word.

ANIMAL

CAT DOG
HOMOPHONES AND HOMONYMS

Homophony different words, pronounced the

same but spelled differently.

To, Two, Too

Flour, Flower
Meat, Meet
Right, Write
 Homonymy a word which has two or more
entirely distinct meanings.

Bank financial institution, of a river

Bat flying creature, used in sports
Race contest of speed, ethnic group