RESEARCH

QUANTITATIVE
 QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH CONTENT
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
Rationale
First paragraph is the problem of the dependent variable and its importance.
Second paragraph is the importance of the independent variable. Connect IV to DV.
Third paragraph- problem of dependent variable in the local setting where the study
will be conducted citing an authority.
Last paragraph- presentation of research gap and urgency of the study.
 Research Objectives
The opening statement should introduce the main objective of the study
by stating the last specific objective. Then enumerate the specific
numbered objectives. The first numbered objective is to describe the level
of the IV in terms of its indicators; the second objective is to describe/
determine the level of the DV in terms of its indicators; the third objective
is to determine the significant relationship between the IV and DV; the
fourth indicator is to determine which domain in the IV that significantly
influences or significant determinant of the DV. The fifth objective (if
applicable) is to develop an intervention program/ scheme based from the
findings of the study.
 Research Hypothesis
The research hypothesis should start with.The following hypotheses will be tested at
0.05 level of significance:
There is no significant relationship between IV and DV.
There is no domain in the IV that significantly influences/ determines the DV.
RRL

RRL
There are 3 parts of RRL, namely: the Independent Variable(IV), Dependent Variable(DV), and
Correlations between Measures.
First paragraph should start with the opening statement stating the parts of the RRL. The indicators
of the independent and dependent variables should be introduced here with sources.
All references should be within the last 5 years of publication when Resonation RRL is used.
However, if Inventory RRL is used, old references are acceptable as long as one of the references is
within the last 5 years of publication.
Correlation between Measures should cite references that connect the IV and DV.
All references cited in the Discussion (Chapter 4) are found in the RRL.
Reference citations should follow the Author-Year System. Websites should be located in the list of
references after Chapter 4. In case sources dont have authors, cite the title or the first 3 words of
the title if the title is long otherwise cite the title.
Last paragraph should be the synthesis of the RRL. Please refer to completed theses.
 Theoretical Framework
Present a theory or proposition that connects the IV and DV. References have no
restrictions on the year of publication.
There should be at least 3 support theories or propositions that further connect the 2
variables.
Conceptual Framework
First paragraph should introduce the indicators of the IV source and define briefly the
indicators with reference to Figure 1. The defined indicators should be in italics.
Second paragraph should introduce the indicators of the DV with source and define briefly
the indicators. The defined indicators should be in italics.
Figure 1 which is the Conceptual Framework of the Study should be in one page that
follows immediately after it is mentioned. The indicators are presented with bullets and the
one-headed arrow should point to the right if regression is used and the boxes are labelled as
IV and DV. Two-headed arrow for correlation and the boxes designated as the first variable
and the second variable.
 Significance of the Study
First paragraph presents the importance of your study with reference/ source.
This will be followed by mentioning the beneficiaries of the study. In other words it
identifies, in paragraph form, the people or offices that can utilize the findings of
the study from macro to micro level (i.e., DepEd Officials, school heads, teachers,
students, parents, community residents if applicable, and finally, future researchers).

Definition of Terms
Define only the key terms in your title usually the variables starting with the IV then
DV.
In defining the variables, use their indicators. The definition should start this way:
As used in this study, it refers to

 CHAPTER 2
(All parts should be presented in paragraph form)
Research Design:
Quantitative non-experimental research design using correlational techniques
Little discussion with reference.
Research Locale
What is the location of your study?
Describe briefly the location of your study with reference to Figures 2 and 3. Figure 2 is the
map of Mindanao or Philippines highlighting the province where the study is conducted
mentioning the provinces that serve as the boundaries and the municipalities that the
province is composed of. Figure 3 is the map of the province highlighting the municipality
(ies) where the study will be conducted. Give brief description of the municipality by stating
its boundaries, how many barangays, school districts, and other information that relate to
your study. Finally, state when will the study be conducted (months and school year).
 Population and Sample
Describe the respondents of the study. Are the respondents also the subjects
of the study? If not, who are your respondents and who are they going to
evaluate? Justify why you selected those respondents, if necessary. Are you
going to use the population as your respondents or will you do random
sampling using Slovins formula to determine the number of samples
required? Support your presentation by using:
 Research Instrument
First paragraph is the description of the instrument to be used to measure
the level of the IV. This includes how many parts the questionnaire has and
from whom it is adapted. Mention also that the original questionnaire will be
modified to contextualize the school setting and question items will be
simplified or translated to the vernacular for the understanding of the
respondents. This will be followed by the Range of Means to be used for the
IV.
Second paragraph is the description of the instrument to be used for the
DV- follow the flow of discussion same as the IV.This will also be followed
by the Range of Means to be used for the DV.
 In the last paragraph, mention that the instruments will be subjected for dry
run in order to determine the Cronbach Alpha values before content
validation by experts with an external validator. State also the overall
validation rating.
Range of Means should follow this interval:
4.20- 5.00
3.40- 4.19
2.60- 3.39
1.80- 2.59
1.00- 1.79

 Data Collection
This part presents how the study was done from asking permission to conduct the study to
the tabulation of the data in paragraph form. All problems/ experiences encountered during
the conduct of the studyand how they were addressed should be narrated here.
CHAPTER 3
RESULTS
(Presentation of results should start with the overall findings! This is followed by the
enumeration of indicators mean scores from highest to lowest then followed by
presentation of the results of all indicators starting with the indicator with the highest down
to the lowest mean with reference to their respective appended Tables, e.g, Tables 1.1, 1.2,
1.3, etc.! Same procedure should also be followed in the dependent variable (DV)!)
(When mentioning the indicator or variable, they should be written in italics and the first
letters should be capitalized).
 (Be reminded that when you state any indicator from the independent and dependent
variable, they should be written in italics and the first letters should be in capital letters!)

(Again, presentation of Table 3 results should start with the overall r value with p value,
then followed by the presentation of the results when each indicator of the Independent
Variable (IV) is correlated with the overall Dependent Variable (DV) and finally, the
presentation of results when each indicator of the Independent Variable is individually
correlated with each indicator of the Dependent Variable. Always be reminded that when p
value is less than 0.05, then, there is a significant relationship between IV and DV, therefore,
reject the Null Hypothesis)

P value of 0.000 in Tables 3 and 4 should be written in the presentation of results as

p<0.01, however, if p values are not equal to 0.000, their actual values from Tables 3 and 4
should be reflected in the presentation.
 Table 4 results should be presented this way: First, present the value of F with p value and
decide whether there is an overall significant influence of the IV on DV and why? Then
explain the R2 value. Finally, present the T values of each of the indicator of the IV with
their corresponding p values then decide which of the indicator best influenced the DV.
Always be reminded that when p value is less than 0.05, then, there is a significant influence
on the DV, therefore, reject the Null Hypothesis

CHAPTER 4, DISCUSSION

Note: The difference between the presentation of RRL and Discussion (Chapter 4) is that in
the RRL, sources / references should be placed after the sentence or paragraph while in the
discussion, sources should be placed at the beginning of the sentence or paragraph, ie.
the study is in consonance/ parallel/ congruence/ similar to the study of (reference).
 Discussion for Table 1 and2 :

First paragraph should discuss the results from Table 1 using the indicators as the point
of discussion with references

(Discussion of Table 1 and 2should start with the overall findings with reference! This is followed
by the discussions of all indicators starting with the indicator with the highest down to the lowest
mean! Same procedure should also be followed in the dependent variable! Discussion of each
indicator should revolve around the corresponding Appended Table without mentioning the
table.)

(All indicators with high and very high descriptive equivalents should also be included in the
discussion! This is also true to the dependent variable!)
(References/ Sources cited here should be the references cited in the corresponding RRL!)
 Correlation Discussion (Table 3) :

(Discussion of Table 3 should start by going back to your Anchor Theory/ Proposition and
determine whether the findings of your study confirmed or contradicted the Anchor theory
you presented in Chapter 1. This is followed by the presentation of your references
mentioned in your Correlations between Measures in the RRL of Chapter 1 whether your
study confirms or contradicts the individual studies you presented in your RRL)

(Cite support!!)
Regression Discussion (Table 4):
Cite sources/ references that connect individually the indicators of the independent variable
(IV) which were the considered as predictors and the dependent variable (DV).
 CONCLUSION
(Conclusion should also follow the descriptive equivalents of the findings based on the research objectives!)
Follow the sequence of presentation based on the Objectives of the Study (Chapter 1).
RECOMMENDATIONS
(Recommendations should be based on the conclusion!)

(Dont be prescriptive! Avoid using the terms, must, should!)

REFERENCING
Sample of article from online journal
Bieg, S., Backes, S., &Mittag, W. (2011). The role of intrinsic motivation for teaching teachers care and autonomy support in
students self-determined motivation. Journal of Educational Research Online, 1, 122-140.
Sample of article referencing from journal
Mata, L. (2015). Problematic Aspects in Forming Pedagogical Competences for Pre-service Language Teachers.Anthropologist,
20(1-2), 330-339.
Sample of book referencing:
Gibson, P. (2005). Hildhood development in the 21st century. New York: Richmond
Press