ELECTRICAL

INSTALLATION
Electricity a form of energy
generated by friction, induction or
chemical change, having magnetic,
chemical and radiant effect.

Electricity is electrons in motion.

Electricity is a property of the
basic particles of matter whick like
an atom, consists of:

a) Electron
b)Protron
c) Neutron
Electron negatively charge
particle of an atom. Referred as the
negative charge of electricity.

Proton positively charge particle

of an atom. Referred as the positive
charge of electricity.
Voltage electrical pressure that
causes the electrons to move through a
conductor that is measure in volt.

Named after Alessandro Volta.

Also called as emf, or electromotive

force.
Current the flow of electrical charge
in a circuit that is measured in ampere.

Named after Andre M. Ampere

Ampere standard unit in measuring

the strength of an electric current.
Watt is the rate or measure of
power used or consumed.

It represents the equivalent heat

volts and ampere consumed by
lights, appliances or motors.
Resistance is the friction or
opposition to the flow of current by the
wires and transformes. Its unit is ohm
(). Named after George Simon Ohm.

* Analogous to plumbing installation,

where the flow of water is subjected to
resistance caused by friction between
the water and the inside wall of the
pipe, and the various form of turns and
fittings.
Factors that Influences Conductor Resistance

1. Composition of the Conductor

- This refers to a conductor having free
electrons that has low resistance.

2. Length of Wire
- The longer the wire, the higher the
resistance.
3. Cross Sectional Area of Wire
- The bigger the cross sectional area of wire, the
lower its resistance.

4. Temperature
- Metal offers high resistance to high
temperature.
Frequency it is the number of
periods or occurrence of a complete
cycle in unit time of a periodic
process such as in the flow of
electric charge that is measured in
Hertz (Hz).
Circuit refers to the complete path
where an electric current can flow. It
comprises of the following:

a) Source Voltage
b) A closed loop wiring
c) An electric Load
d) A means of opening and closing the
circuit
CLASSIFICATION OF
ELECTRIC CURRENT
Direct Current (DC)

- a type of electrical current flows in a

single direction.

Alternating Current (AC)

- a type of electrical current that

reverses its direction.
The Alternating Current goes
through one positive loop and one
negative loop to form one complete
cycle that is continuously repeated.
Advantages of AC over DC

1. It is easily produced

2. It is cheaper to maintain

3. It could be transformed into higher

voltage
4. It could be distribute to far distance
with low voltage drop.

5. It is more efficient compared with

direct current.
 SERIES AND
PARALLEL CIRCUIT
Series Circuit A circuit that provides
a complete path for current and has its
components connected end-to-end.

Voltage total = 1 + 2 + 3

Total Resistance = 1 + 2 + 3
Parallel Circuit sometimes referred
to as multiple connections where the
loads are placed across the same
voltage constituting a separate circuit.

It is the standard arrangement for

house wiring connections wherein
lights and convenience wall outlet
constitute a separate parallel
grouping.
In series cuircuit, the current is the
same throughout but voltage differs.

In parallel circuit, the voltage is the

same but the circuit differs.
Sizes of Wires and Circuit Breaker

60A = #6 AWG, 14mm

50A = #6 AWG, 14mm
40A = #8 AWG, 8.0mm
30A = #10 AWG, 5.5mm
20A = #12 AWG, 3.5mm
15A = #14 AWG, 2.0mm

AWG = American Wire Gauge