Sustainable Growth

S upplementary
Cementitious
M aterials

By
The information contained or referenced in this presentation is confidential and proprietary to FLSmidth and is protected by copyright or trade secret laws.
James Ballan
Manager of Supplementary Cementitious Materials
What are SCM?
Supplementary Cementitious Materials

Image reprinted with permission from the Portland Cement Association

Substitution of clinker in cement by another material

which has Cementitious properties

The information contained or referenced in this presentation is confidential and proprietary to FLSmidth and is protected by copyright or trade secret laws.

Titel 14 November 2017 2

 Ancient Rome

Lime + Natural Pozzolan

= Cement

The information contained or referenced in this presentation is confidential and proprietary to FLSmidth and is protected by copyright or trade secret laws.
Global Cement Producers

Goals
Providing environmentally friendly sustainable products
Lower Fuel Consumption
Lower Operating Costs
Lower Capital Costs

Barriers
Traditional methods have limitations

Usage
Estimated 10-15% consists of SCMs

The information contained or referenced in this presentation is confidential and proprietary to FLSmidth and is protected by copyright or trade secret laws.
Considerations

The information contained or referenced in this presentation is confidential and proprietary to FLSmidth and is protected by copyright or trade secret laws.

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Limitations

Natural SCMs
Limited quantities
Regional variability

Synthetic SCMs
Knowledge
Experience
Technology

Waste Materials
Fluctuating chemistries
Unwanted components

The information contained or referenced in this presentation is confidential and proprietary to FLSmidth and is protected by copyright or trade secret laws.
Fly Ash

The information contained or referenced in this presentation is confidential and proprietary to FLSmidth and is protected by copyright or trade secret laws.
Fly Ash

The information contained or referenced in this presentation is confidential and proprietary to FLSmidth and is protected by copyright or trade secret laws.
Clays - Kaolins
Considerations
Wet Lumpy material
Specific temperatures
Off-color products
Inconsistent quality

Traditional Technology
Inefficient cooling
Not evenly heated
Discoloration

The information contained or referenced in this presentation is confidential and proprietary to FLSmidth and is protected by copyright or trade secret laws.
Clays - Kaolins

Product
Calciner
Fuel
Water
Spray

Reduction
Fuel

Feed

The information contained or referenced in this presentation is confidential and proprietary to FLSmidth and is protected by copyright or trade secret laws.
Synthetic Pozzolan Productions

Product
High pozzolonic activity
Color similar to cement
Lower fuel consumption
The information contained or referenced in this presentation is confidential and proprietary to FLSmidth and is protected by copyright or trade secret laws.
Advantages to This Approach

Product quality allows for increased use of pozzolan in cement

blends

Color similar to cement

Lower fuel consumption than existing methods

Few moving parts Lower Maintenance / Operating costs

Compact design less than 1500 m2

footprint of Pyro Process Equipment

The information contained or referenced in this presentation is confidential and proprietary to FLSmidth and is protected by copyright or trade secret laws.

17-11-
 EFFECT OF DIFFERENT CALCINING
PROCESSES

Cement strengths after 28 days by substitute 30% of cement with

limestone and calcined clay.

Flash Calciner Flash Calciner Rotary Kiln Rotary Kiln

Ref Sample 70% Cement
30% Clay Size
70% Cement 70% Cement 70% Cement 70% Cement
100% Cement Limestone
30% Clay 30% Clay 30% Clay 30% Clay

Hydraulic
Index
after 28
days Coarse 86 96 85 77

100 60

Fine 87 100 91 86

The information contained or referenced in this presentation is confidential and proprietary to FLSmidth and is protected by copyright or trade secret laws.

13
 Direct Substitution
Strength Summary
30% Substitution
120%

100%
% of OPC Strength (28 day)

80%

60%

40%

20%

0%
AB AE AH BB BE BH CB CE CH DB DE DH EB EE EH FB FE FH GB GE GH
The information contained or referenced in this presentation is confidential and proprietary to FLSmidth and is protected by copyright or trade secret laws.

14
Blended Cements

Clinker is engineered for Ordinary Portland Cement

Blended Cement can mimic Ordinary Portland Cement

High substitution rates require different parameters

Optimization of physical and chemical properties required

Blended Cements ~ Ordinary Portland Cement

The information contained or referenced in this presentation is confidential and proprietary to FLSmidth and is protected by copyright or trade secret laws.

17-11-
CO2 Reduction by Making Pozzolan Cement
Assume: 0.94 Kg CO2/Kg Clinker, and 0.256 Kg CO2/Kg Pozzolan

CO2 OPC:

Kg CO2 Kg CO2
0.94
Kg clinker
X 0.95 + 0.0
Kg clinker
X 0.05

Kg CO2
= 0.893
Kg Cement
CO2 POZ:

Kg CO2 Kg CO2
(0.256
Kg Pozzolan
X 0.4 + 0.94
Kg Clinker
X 0.6).95

Kg CO2
= 0.601
Kg Cement
The information contained or referenced in this presentation is confidential and proprietary to FLSmidth and is protected by copyright or trade secret laws.
CO2 Reduction by Making Pozzolan Cement
Assume: 0.94 Kg CO2/Kg Clinker, and 0.256 Kg CO2/Kg Pozzolan

CO2 OPC:

Kg CO2 Kg CO2
0.94
Kg clinker
X 0.95 + 0.0
Kg clinker
X 0.05

A reduction
= of 33% Kg CO2
0.893
Kg Clinker
CO2 POZ:

Kg CO2 Kg CO2
(0.256
Kg Pozzolan
X 0.4 + 0.94
Kg Clinker
X 0.6).95

Kg CO2
= 0.601
Kg Cement
The information contained or referenced in this presentation is confidential and proprietary to FLSmidth and is protected by copyright or trade secret laws.
CO2 Reduction by Making Pozzolan Cement
Assume: We use 700 Kcal/Kg Clinker in the process

Fuel Savings:

700 Kcal 700 Kcal 540 Kcal

Kg Clinker
- Kg Clinker
X 0.6 + Kg Pozzolan
X 0.4

Kcal
= 64
Kg Clinker

A savings of 9.1%

The information contained or referenced in this presentation is confidential and proprietary to FLSmidth and is protected by copyright or trade secret laws.
 MINE TAILINGS

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17-11-14
 Thank You

The information contained or referenced in this presentation is confidential and proprietary to FLSmidth and is protected by copyright or trade secret laws.

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