Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
www.sismo.srv.br
Signal Processing Research, Training & Consulting Attribute-Assisted Seismic Processing and Interpretation
www.sismo.srv.br http://geology.ou.edu/aaspi/
1
Summary
CWT
Q estimation 0
Examples
Conclusions
Spectral ridges
Introduction
ICWTdec
Examples
Conclusions
3
Source Seismic
Reflectivity wavelet Noise data
r(t) * s(t) + n(t) u(t)
Time
Long window spectral
convolutional model
Frequency
Bandlimited white
White
spectrum
spectrum
Modified from Kurt Marfurt course(Partyka et al, 1999)
Source Seismic
Reflectivity wavelet Noise data
r(t) * s(t) + n(t) u(t)
Time
Short window spectral
convolutional model
Frequency
From: http://books.google.com/
f t t
2 1 t 0 T
fT (t ) Fk .e jk0t
k
0
T
Fk
T t 0
f (t ).e jk 0t
.dt
Animated plot of the first five successive partial Fourier series. From wikipedia.org
Seismic zero phase wavelet
f t t
(Yilmaz, 2001)
Short Time Fourier Transform STFT f t t
The simplest time-frequency representation
Fx t , ; h x u h *
u t e j 2u
du
8
Short Time Fourier Transform STFT
Amplitude and Phase spectrum
9
2000
f t t 2200
Time-frequency
pattern???
4
x 10
2000
2400
2200 2
2400 1
2600 2600
time
time
2800
-1
3000
-2
3200 2800
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220
3000
3200
Introduction
ICWTdec
Examples
Conclusions
11
Continuous Wavelet Transform
wavelet 0 d d C
Wavelet Chapeu Mexicano
t dt 0
0.8
0.6
0.4
Amplitude
0.2
-0.2
-0.4
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
tempo
3 18
1 t u
u ,s t 0 t dt 0
2.5 16
2 14
1.5 s s Amplitude
12
Amplitude
1 10
8
0.5
6
0
4
-0.5
2
-1
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14
tempo frequencia normalizada (x )
Continuous Wavelet Transform
(CWT)
f t t
1 t ut
(u, sf)(t) Wf (u, s) fdt,u ,fs s u sft(t ) dt
1 t u 1
(u,xs() )
CWT
Wf
s s
s s s s
The CWT can be interpreted as
s s s a band pass filter response at
Amplitude
each scale s
60
50
40
Scales
Escala
30
20
10
0.4
Amplitude
0.2
-0.2
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Amostras
Time (ms)
Grossmann and Morlet
introduced CWT formally
in 1984
Inverse CWT
CWT
magnitude
pos
Summary
Introduction
Examples
Conclusions
16
Math behind
Singularities detection and characterization through Continuous
Wavelet Transform (CWT): Lipschitz (Hlder) Coefficients
0. 5
0. 4
0. 3
Amplitude
0. 2
0. 1
-0. 1
-0. 2
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
amos t ras
61 120
57
53
49 100
45
41 3
80
|Wf(u,s)|
37
scales a
33 2
29 60
25 1
21 40
17 10 20 30 40 50 60
13 s
9 20
5
1.5
1
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
log2(|Wf(u,s)|)
1
time (or space) b 0.5 +1/2=1/2
Local Maxima Lines
0
61
57 -0.5
53 -1
49 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
45 log2(s)
41
37
33
29
1
25
CWT
magnitude
pos
0
WTMMLA seismic applications
ICWT deconvolution workflow
CWT
magnitude
pos
Relative acoustic impedance from ICWTDEC
WORKFLOW
Introduction
ICWTdec
Examples
Conclusions
24
Case 1: Synthetic seismic channel
10 ms thickness trace
Case 1: Synthetic seismic channel
30 ms thickness trace
Synthetic channel and its ICWTdec
ICWTDEC RAI
Adding random noise
Case 2: Barnet Shale
Original Seismic
ICWTdec
THINMAN
Marble Falls
Amplitude
60
Upper Barnett Lm
Upper Barnett Sh
60
Forestburg
Lower Barnett Sh
Viola
ICWTdec
Marble Falls
Amplitude
10
Upper Barnett Lm
Upper Barnett Sh
10
Forestburg
Lower Barnett Sh
Viola
THINMAN
Case 3: Pre-stack (Hampson&Russel 2D demo data set)
Offset
0.7
Twt (s)
ICWTdec
Offset
0.7
Twt (s)
RAI
Offset
0.7
Twt (s)
Spectral ridges Conclusions
Berea Sandstone
Wyllie, et al, 1958
Figure 2.4 of Seismic Absorption Estimation and Compensation by Changjun Zhang M.Sc., The University of British Columbia, 2009
Q estimation
Adrinal Ilyas, 2010, Estimation of q factor from seismic reflection data, MsC Curtin University
freq
Chopra, Alexeev, and Sudhakar, TLE 2003, High-frequency restoration of surface seismic data
Q estimation from spectral ratio
In Q computation, we need to compute the amplitude spectra of two adjacent events (Taner, 2000)
Reflectivity Synthetic CWT Magnitude CWT MML
CWT
magnitude
pos
Ricker wavelet
Zhang & Ulrych, 2002, Geophysics, Estimation of Quality factors from CMP records
Q estimation from Peak Frequency variation
Zhang & Ulrych, 2002, Geophysics, Estimation of Quality factors from CMP records
Q estimation from Peak Frequency variation
Figure 4.2 of Seismic Absorption Estimation and Compensation by Changjun Zhang M.Sc., The University of British Columbia, 2009
Absorption and specdecomp phase components
CWT
magnitude 180
pos
0
-180
10 70
Frequency (Hz)
CWT Magnitude and Phase overlaid by spectral ridges
The phase spectra will provide information for dispersion estimation. Attributes picked at the peak of the envelope represent the average of the wavelet
attribute. That is why we pick the amplitude spectrum at the time of envelop peak for Q computation. Phase spectra is picked the same way. If we look
at the phase spectra, we observe that most of the spectra of the events are horizontal, which means that these wavelets are zero phase, and their
rotation angle is the phase corresponding to the envelop peak. Therefore, computation of dispersion consists of determining the phase differences at
each sub-band trace and compute an average phase delay per cycle per second. Since dispersion is related to absorption, higher levels of dispersion
will point to higher levels of absorption, which may indicate fracture in carbonates or unconsolidated snads in clastic environment. (Taner, 2000).
Conclusions
Signal Processing Research, Training & Consulting Attribute-Assisted Seismic Processing and Interpretation
www.sismo.srv.br http://geology.ou.edu/aaspi/
Thanks to DEVON for providing a license to one of the seismic data volume used herein.
Thanks also to PETROBRAS Reservoir Geophysics Management friends for their comments.