Group members

2KX4 - MECH- 111,129,137

Arsalan-Adeel-Husnain
As whole word is using conventional means of
electricity production, these are;
Costly
Harmful to the environment
Non renewable

But major issue is their limited resources, which

are in danger of being ended forever.
Nature is friendly for human being. We have
unlimited sources of renewable energy. We can
overcome our major problems by using these
resources, as;
Renewable sources are unlimited
Friendly for human being
Less expensive
Continuous
Alternative option available
A setup, which extract wind energy from air. On
the expense of this energy, shaft rotates the
generator connected, causing it to produce
electricity. In this way wind energy is initially
converted to mechanical energy & then to
electrical.
Site
Axis
Rotor design
Aerodynamics conditions
Mathematical analysis of power
 SITE SELECTION
Permission guaranteed
Wide area & open space
Wind capacity
Direction of wind
 AXIS SELECTION
Horizontal Axis WT

Vertical Axis WT
 ROTOR DESIGN
Material
FRP, Carbon fibers, Wood, Glass fiber, Aluminum & its alloy

Geometry
Streamlined Asymmetric, Hollow profile, Thick near root &
thinner towards tip, Axis twisted

Design Loads
Fc =mr2
Fg =mg
 AERODYNAMICS
Aerodynamic performance is fundamental for
efficient rotor design.

Aerodynamic lift
Resistant drag force
Thickness to cord ratio
Stall
Angle of attack
 ROTOR DESIGN
Tip speed ratio:
It is defined as the relationship between rotor
blade velocity and relative wind velocity.
For 2 blades => 9-10
For 3 blades => 6-9
TIP SPEED RATIO V/S OTHER FACTORS

Tip speed ratio Low High

Torque Increases Decreases
Efficiency Decreases Insignificant
significantly increases
Centrifugal Decreases Increases
Stress
Aerodynamic Decreases Increases
Stress
Blade Profile Large Significantly
Narrow
Aerodynamics Simple Critical
 BLADE ELEMENT MOMENTUM THEORY
Also known as strip theory.

Momentum theory =>

Efficiency & flow velocity

Blade element theory=>

Forces on blade in term of geometry
 MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS OF POWER
Betz limit
Betz developed a simple model to predict the performance of ship
propellers and this model is widely used to demonstrate the
principle of wind turbines. He assumed the air was one
dimensional, incompressible, and time-invariant, and then with the
principle of conservation of momentum, the force T on the wind
turbine was thrust.

T=m(u1 - u2 )=A(u1 - u2 )
 WIND

Power in wind
P= A v3
Power curve
A graph b/w electrical power generated by wind turbine & wind speed
at tower hight.

P=Pt*Cp
2D DESIGN