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Neighbors
The Byzantine Empire had lots of neighbors in its long
history. The Byzantine Empire was the only one among
them that had maintained its existence. The neighbors
of Byzantine either had appeared later from them or
erased from the scene of the history as quickly as they
came. The neighbors we see are mostly tribal folks
rather than the nations or states. The common feature
of these was being included to a specific language
group. We can say that the folks speaking Turkish,
Arabic, Sclavonic, Germanic and Persian had more
contact with the Byzantines than other. Apart from
them the Byzantine Empire had also contact with the
Scandinavian folks and Latins of Genoese and
Venetian.
The Byzantine Empire had the neighbors in the
direction of West, North and East and no neighbors
in the South because of the Mediterranean Sea.
For a long time the Northern boundary of the
Byzantine Empire had been the River Danube and
the Eastern one Euphrates. For a short time the
Western boundary of the Empire had reached to
the Atlantic Ocean and afterwards it had become
the line between the Dalmatian sea shores of the
West Balkans and Hungary. The neighbors of the
Byzantines in the North had changed continuously
and the Empire had been mostly in war with them
because these new neighbors had built their new
countries in the old lands of the Byzantine Empire.
Sasanids
The state that was established by the Sasanid Dynasty
(224-651) in the Persian world, considered as The eye of
the other world by the Byzantines, is known as Sasanids.
The Sasanids that had adopted the Persian state custom
that were not had by the northern and western neighbors
of the Byzantine. Therefore, Sasanids had protected its
boundaries using the advantage of its geography, despite
some defeats against the Byzantine.
In the last quarter of the 6th century, Byzantine Empire
made an alliance with the Gokturks in the war against
against Sasanids, after having lost the lands of the Western
Romans. Before the birth of Islam, Sasanids had invaded
the Middle Eastern lands of the Byzantine Empire, Syria,
Palestine and Egypt during the first ten years of the 7th
century. Emperor Heraclius had passed its rule with the the
war against the Sasanids to re-conquer these lands.
The world of the Sasanids and the Byzantine
that had been worn down by this long period of
wars could not prevent the quick spread of
Islam afterwards. As a result of this, Iran had
joined the the Islamic world and the Middle
Eastern lands of the Byzantine Empire had
been conquered by the Muslims.
The other eastern neighbors of the Byzantine
could be listed chronologically as Umayyads,
Abbasids, Seljuks and Ottomans. The northern
neighbors of them were Huns, Gokturks, Avars,
Bulgars, Khazars, Patzinaks, Oghuzs, Cumans
and Kipczaks, mostly from the origin of Turks.
Goths, Vizigoths and Ostrogoths