Batuan Metamorf

Adi Susilo
Metamorphic
Rocks
 Metamorphic Rocks

Recrystallization in the solid state

Caused by changes in T, P or
fluids
New environment = new minerals
Growing minerals create a new
texture
Sources of metamorphic change
 Metamorphism
Recrystallization
T, P or change in pore fluids initiate
change in the mineral assemblage
Reaction occur entirely in the solid state
Shale Schist
 Textural changes occur during
metamorphism
New minerals grow during
metamorphism
Precursor rock textures are modified
 Protolith

The parent rock subjected to Metamorphism

-can be any rock type: igneous,
sedimentary, or metamorphic

Shale Schist
Protolith
 Origin of Metamorphic Rocks

Metamorphism
Temperature exceeds 200OC
Pressure exceeds 300 M Pa (approx.
10,000 ft deep)
Metamorphism ends when melting
begins
Melting begins at ~700oC
Stability ranges for Al2 SiO5 minerals
 Source of heat
Proximity to igneous intrusions
Contact metamorphism
Different metamorphic grade ring the
intrusion
Depth of burial
15-30oC increase per km
Geothermal Gradient
Zone of Contact
Metamorphism

Magma Body
-source of heat
Pressure and Stress

Lithostatic Pressure- pressure increases

with depth due to the weight of the
overlying rocks.

-equal in all directions: uniform stress

-a cubic foot of granite weighs 167.9

pounds.
Lithostatic Pressure - equal from all directions
Tectonic Pressure/Stress
-directional/non-uniform
-referred to as deviatoric stress
Folded Metamorphic Rocks
-subjected to non-uniform deviatoric stress
 T & P determine degree of
metamorphism
Low-grade metamorphism- 200 to 350 OC

Intermediate-grade metamorphism-350 to
550 OC

High-grade metamorphism - very high

temperatures, above 550OC
Progressive metamorphism of shale
Fig. 6.5. Stability ranges for Al2O5 minerals
Index Minerals
 Metamorphic Rocks

Classified by texture and

composition
Texture is divided into foliated &
nonfoliated rocks
Mineral composition qualifies
textural name
Foliated Nonfoliated textures
Foliation:
-preferred orientation
or location of minerals
Slate
 Phyllite
Similar to slate
More Recrystallization
Crystals are larger
Common Protolith:
shales
 Schist
Strongly foliated rock
Medium to coarse grained
-dominated by platy minerals
Protoliths: multiple??
[Garnet] Schist w/porphyroblasts
 Gneiss
Coarse grained granular rock
Foliation: alternating bands of light
& dark minerals
Quartz, feldspar, amphibole,
biotite
Protoliths: ??
 Nonfoliated Rocks
Marble
Interlocking, coarse grained calcite
Recrystallization of limestone or
dolostone
Sedimentary features
destroyed
 Quartzite
Metamorphism of quartz sandstone
Entire rock is recrystallized
 Amphibolites & Eclogites
Metamorphism of mafic rocks
Mineral assemblage
Amphibolite [pillow basalt]
gives green color

Eclogite from Norway

 Regional Metamorphic Zones

Index minerals
A mineral that forms within a
specific,often narrow range of
conditions
Identifies a specific grade of
metamorphism
Allows further subdivision of rock
types
Metamorphic Index Minerals
 Protolith controls final mineral
assemblage
Different mineral assemblages form at a
given P & T for various parent rocks
Metamorphic facies describe a group of
minerals formed under similar conditions
May be found in different rocks
Regional
Metamorphic
Gradients
Metamorphic facies
Metamorphic Rocks & Tectonics

Most metamorphic rocks develop due

to plate collisions
Processes are not observable in the field
Conditions at various plate boundaries
define possible P & T range
Parent rocks present control mineral
assemblages