Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Lateral Support
In geotechnical engineering, it is often necessary to
prevent lateral soil movements.
Tie rod
Anchor
Sheet pile
4
Sheet Pile
7
Lateral Support
geosynthetics
8
Lateral Support
filled with
Crib walls have been used in Queensland. soil
Good drainage & allow plant growth.
Looks good. Interlocking
stretchers
and headers
9
Earth Pressure at Rest
In a homogeneous natural soil deposit,
GL
v
h
X
11
Active/Passive Earth Pressures
- in granular soils
Wall moves
away from soil
Wall moves A
towards soil
B
smooth wall
v = z
Initially, there is no lateral movement.
v z
h = K0 v = K0 z
h
A
As the wall moves away from the soil,
v remains the same; and
h decreases till failure occurs.
Active state
13
Active Earth Pressure
- in granular soils
v
active earth
pressure decreasing h
14
Active Earth Pressure
- in granular soils
WJM Rankine
(1820-1872)
[h]active v
90+
[h]active v
16
Active Earth Pressure
- in granular soils
h K0 state
v z
Active
h
A state
wall movement
17
Active Earth Pressure
- in cohesive soils
19
Passive Earth Pressure
- in granular soils
passive earth
pressure
increasing h
20
Passive Earth Pressure
- in granular soils
v [h]passive
90+
v [h]passive
22
Passive Earth Pressure
- in granular soils
h Passive state
v
h
B
K0 state
wall movement
23
Passive Earth Pressure
- in cohesive soils
[h]passive H
PA=0.5 KAH2
h PP=0.5 KPh2
25
KPh KAH
h
Passive state
Active state
K0 state
Wall movement
(not to scale)
Rankines Earth Pressure Theory
27
Retaining Walls - Applications
Road
Train
28
Retaining Walls - Applications
highway
29
Retaining Walls - Applications
High-rise building
basement wall
30
Gravity Retaining Walls
cement mortar
plain concrete or
stone masonry
cobbles
Reinforced;
smaller section
than gravity
walls
2 2
Block no.
3 3
1
1
toe
toe
Wi = weight of block i
Analyse the stability of this rigid body with
xi = horizontal distance of centroid of block i from toe
vertical walls (Rankine theory valid) 33
Safety against sliding along the base
PP {Wi }. tan
soil-concrete friction
angle 0.5 0.7
Fsliding
PA
to be greater
than 1.5
2 2
PA H
3 3 PA
1
PP 1
S h PP
toe S
R
toe
y R
y
to be greater
than 2.0
2 2
PA H
3 3 PA
1
PP 1
S h PP
toe S
R
toe
y R
y
Points to Ponder
36