Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Systematic study or
investigation
Existing facts or knowledge
With object
To find truth or reality
Legal rules, principles,
concepts, theories, doctrine,
decided cases, legal institution,
legal problem, issues or
questions
Objective of Legal Research
Nature, Scope and purpose
To Examine legal principles and precedents as established by
courts.
Nature and composition of legal institution
Relevancy
Weaknesses of existing law
Comparative analysis
Advantages or disadvantages of law
Actual fact situation
Requirement of special enactment
To discover new facts or verify old facts or extend knowledge
or develop a theory or arrive at a general conclusion.
Authoritative work
Adoption of a particular law or legal institution
Approaches to Legal Research
Doctrinal Empirical
Research Research
Field study,
Libraries, cause and effect,
archives and ideas, views,
other data- attitudes or
bases. values.
Types of Legal Studies
Descriptive and Exploratory studies
Explanatory studies
Analytical or Critical studies
Historical studies
Comparative studies
Deduction Top down
Theory
Hypothesis
Observation
Confirmation
Induction Bottom up
Theory
Tentative
Hypothesis/
Research Question
Pattern
Observation
Selection of the Research Topic
Printed sources
Paper presented at
Sources academic gathering
Available data
Ongoing Media
or prior
research
Basic consideration in the selection of topic
Problem or Academic
Feasible to
researchable and social
study
question value
Research design
Title of the research project
Introduction A hypothesis is an unproven
Research question proposition or possible
solution to a problem.
Hypothesis Hypothetical statements
Literature Review assert possible answers to
Objective of the study research questions.
A hypothesis... in its
Research Methodology simplest... is a guess.
Scope of the study William G. Zikmund,
Business Research Methods
Significance of the study (6th edition) Ohio: South
Contents/ Chapters Western, 2000, p 92.
Tables and Bibliography
Writing Dissertations and Theses
Organization of the Writing style
Research Work Clarity
Outline Plain Language
Chapters Gender neutral language
Necessary steps before
Headings/ Sections finalizing the work
Paragraphs Revising
Sentences Editing
Reference citation
Conclusion
Socio Legal Research
Attitudes
Behaviour
Observation Method of Data Collection
Selection
Recording
Encoding
Participant
Observation
Non-participant
Observation
Major steps in observation research
Selection of research
setting
Field work Gaining entry
preparation
Collecting, recording
Gaining and organising the field
rapport and notes
Cooperation Analysing the data and
preparing report
Interview Method of Data Collection
Selecting
Types
the sample
Conducting the
Structured
Interview
Role of a
Unstructured
Researcher
Procedure in conducting the interview
Initiating
Leading
the Probing
Questions
Interview
Dealing
Clarifying Recording
with
Issues Responses
Refusals
Broad
Question as Record the
Question
Worded Interview
Initially
Advantages
Greater Flexibility
Time
Respondents Reluctance
Anonymity of Respondents
Interview Bias
Advantages of Telephonic Interviewing
Speed
Wider
coverage Cost
Limited Duration
Non - Cooperation
Limited Representation
Questionnaire Method
of Data Collection
Relevance of the
Study
Relevance of
Questions
Selection of
Respondents
Open- ended questions
Advantages Disadvantages
Clarity and
Simplicity
Sensitive
Vague and
words Embarrassi
ng question
Double
Leading barrelled Order of
questions questions questions
Mailed questionnaire
Advantages Disadvantages
Geographical Flexibility Limited Usefulness
Locating Respondents Lack of Flexibility
Cost
Low response rate
Time Saving
Respondent Convenience
Problem of
Unanswered questions
Greater Anonymity
Interview bias Possibility of others
answering the
Cover Letter
questions
Survey Sponsorship
Monetary Incentives
Follow- ups
Sampling
Nature of sampling
Sampling in Quantitative Research
Advantages in Sampling
Technical terms used in Sampling
Sampling Element or Unit
Population
Sampling Frame
Sampling Design
Drawing a sample from the sampling
frame
Sources of Sampling Frame
Types of Samples Sampling error
Probability Sampling Sampling size
Simple Random Sampling
Systematic Sampling
Stratified Sampling
Cluster Sampling
Non- Probability Samples
Convenience Sampling
Purposive Sampling
Snow ball Sampling
Quota Sampling
Data Preparation and Analysis
Qualitative Data Analysis
Quantitative Data Analysis
Editing
Handling Blank Responses
Dealing with Dont Know Responses
Field Editing Appropriateness
In- house Editing
Coding Exhaustiveness
Mutual Exclusivity
Item no Variable Response
name
1. Identification no.
2. Offenders Name
3. DOB
4. Prior Cases of arrest
Domestic violence
5. Gender
6. Relationship with
victim
7. Gross income
Writing a Socio-Legal Research Report
Title
Abstract
Table of Contents
Introduction
Literature Review
Research Methods
Findings
Summary and Conclusions
References
Appendix