Atom

ta je sve Sve to ima masu i

supstanca? zauzima prostor

Supstanca se
sastoji iz atoma
 Najmanja estica na
ta je u atomu? koju supstanca moe biti
podeljena

Gradivni blokovi svake

supstance

U atomu su jezgro
(centar) i elektronski
omota (oko centra)

Subatomske estice su:

ta su subatomske protoni
neutroni
estice? elektroni
Early Atom Models: mostly empty space
What is the
Rutherford Model? small, positive
nucleus

contained protons
and electrons
scattered around the
outside
Early Atom Models:
What is the Bohr
Model?

electrons move in
definite orbits
around the nucleus
 Modern Atom
Model: What is the sometimes called
The Electron the wave model
Cloud Model?
spherical cloud of
varying density

varying density
shows where an
electron is more or
less likely to be
What are positively charged
particles (+)
Protons? - -
- help make up the
++ + nucleus of the atom
- + + + -
+ +
- equal to the atomic
- -
number of the
atom

contribute to the

+
atomic mass

equal to the
number of
electrons
What are neutral
particles;
Neutrons? have no
- - electric
- charge
++ +
- + + + -
+ + help make up
-
the nucleus of
- -
the atom

contribute to
the atomic
mass
What are negatively charged
Electrons? particles (-)

- - found outside the

- nucleus of the atom in
++ + the electron
- + + + - orbits/levels
+ +
-
each orbit/level can
- - hold a maximum
number of electrons
1st orbital = 2 electrons

-
2nd orbital = 8 electrons
3rd orbital = 8 electrons
What are move so rapidly
Electrons? around the nucleus
that they create an
- -
electron cloud
-
++ + mass is insignificant
- + + + - when compared to
+ + protons and neutrons
-
- - equal to the number
of protons

- involved in the
formation of chemical
bonds
 found in the
What are Valence outermost energy
Electrons? level of the electron
cloud (called the
valence shell)

involved in bonding

determine the
chemical properties
of an element
How is the Atoms Center Formed?
Protons and neutrons are grouped together to
form the center or nucleus of an atom
Notice that the electrons are not apart of the nucleus

-
+
- -
+ +
-
Atomic Structure
How are Atoms atomic number =
Described? number of protons

in a neutral atom, the

# of protons = the #
of electrons

atomic mass= the

number of protons +
the number of
neutrons
What is Atomic the number of
Number? protons in the
- nucleus of an
atom

+ -

-
++
What would be the atomic
number of this atom?

What is the Atomic
Mass?
What would be the atomic
mass of this atom?
the total number of protons
and neutrons in an atoms
nucleus
expressed in Atomic Mass
Units (amu)
each proton or neutron
has a mass of 1 amu
-

+ 3
4
+
++
-
3 protons + 4 neutrons =
an atomic mass of 7 amu

Why did we not account for the -

electrons when calculating the
mass number?
 Hydrogen (H) Atom
Lets use the Bohr Model to sketch a hydrogen
atom.
notice the one electron in the first orbital
-
+ =1

=0
+
- =1

P = Atomic # =
E=P=
N = Atomic Mass Atomic # =
 Oxygen (O) Atom
notice the two electrons in the first orbital/level and
the six in the second

Bohr Diagram P = Atomic #

________
E=P
________
N = Atomic
Mass Atomic #
________
 Sodium (Na) Atom
notice the two electrons in the first orbital/level, eight in
the second, and one in the third

Bohr Diagram
P=
E=
N=
 Building Atoms
Using the whiteboard and the proton, neutron,
and electron pieces, build the following atoms,
and determine their atomic and mass numbers.
Atoms Protons Neutrons Electrons
Carbon 6 6 6
Beryllium 4 5 4
Oxygen 8 8 8
Lithium 3 4 3
Sodium 11 12 11