Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
and S&OP 13
PowerPoint presentation to accompany
Heizer and Render
Operations Management, Eleventh Edition
Principles of Operations Management, Ninth Edition
2014
2014
Pearson
Pearson
Education,
Education,
Inc.Inc. 13 - 1
Outline
Global Company Profile:
Frito-Lay
The Planning Process
Sales and Operations Planning
The Nature of Aggregate Planning
Aggregate Planning Strategies
2014
2014
Pearson
Pearson
Education,
Education,
Inc.Inc. 13 - 6
Aggregate Planning at
Frito-Lay
Figure 13.2
QUARTER 2
April May June
100,000 130,000 150,000
QUARTER 3
July Aug. Sept.
180,000 150,000 140,000
Varying Avoids the costs Hiring, layoff, and Used where size
workforce of other training costs may of labor pool is
size by alternatives. be significant. large.
hiring or
layoffs
70
Level production using average
monthly forecast demand
60
50
40
30
0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June = Month
22 18 21 21 22 20 = Number of
working days
2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 13 - 35
Roofing Supplier Example 2
TABLE 13.3 Cost Information
Inventory carrying cost $ 5 per unit per month
Subcontracting cost per unit $20 per unit
Average pay rate $10 per hour ($80 per day)
$17 per hour
Overtime pay rate
(above 8 hours per day)
Labor-hours to produce a unit 1.6 hours per unit
Cost of increasing daily production rate $300 per unit
(hiring and training)
Cost of decreasing daily production rate $600 per unit
(layoffs)
COST CALCULATIONS
Regular-time labor $75,392 (= 7.6 workers x $80 per day x
124 days)
Subcontracting 29,760 (= 1,488 units x $20 per unit)
Total cost $105,152
70
Level production
60 using lowest
monthly forecast
50 demand
40
30
0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June = Month
22 18 21 21 22 20 = Number of
working days
2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 13 - 40
Roofing Supplier Example 4
TABLE 13.4 Cost Computations for Plan 3
BASIC
PRODUCTION
COST EXTRA COST OF EXTRA COST OF
DAILY (DEMAND X INCREASING DECREASING
FORECAST PROD 1.6 HRS/UNIT PRODUCTION PRODUCTION TOTAL
MONTH (UNITS) RATE X $10/HR) (HIRING COST) (LAYOFF COST) COST
Jan 900 41 $ 14,400 $ 14,400
$1,200
Feb 700 39 11,200 12,400
(= 2 x $600)
$600
Mar 800 38 12,800 13,400
(= 1 x $600)
$5,700
Apr 1,200 57 19,200 (= 19 x 24,900
$300)
$3,300
May 1,500 68 24,000 (= 11 x 24,300
$300)
$7,800
June 1,100 55 17,600 (= 13 x 25,400
$600)
$99,200 $9,000 $9,600 $117,800
70
60
50
40
30
0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June = Month
22 18 21 21 22 20 = Number of
working days
2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 13 - 42
Comparison of Three Plans
COSTS
Regular time $40 per tire
Overtime $50 per tire
Subcontracting $70 per tire
Carrying cost $ 2 per tire per month
2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 13 - 45
Transportation Example
Important points
1. Carrying costs are $2/tire/month. If goods
are made in one period and held over to the
next, holding costs are incurred.
2. Supply must equal demand, so a dummy
column called unused capacity is added.
3. Because back ordering is not viable in this
example, cells that might be used to satisfy
earlier demand are not available.
40
2
42
4
44
0
0
100
P
e Regular time 700 700
r 50 52 54 0
i
o Overtime 50 50
d 70 72 74 0
1
Subcontract 150 150
P 40 42 0
e Regular time X 700 700
r 50 52 0
i
o Overtime X 50 50
d 70 72 0
2 50 100
Subcontract X 150
P 40 0
e Regular time X X 700 700
r 50 0
i
o Overtime X X 50 50
d 70 0
3 130
Subcontract X X 130
Table 13.7 TOTAL DEMAND 800 1,000 750 230 2,780
60
30