The Respiratory System

Anatomy,Biomedic 1

Muh.Iqbal Basri
Department of Anatomy
Hasanuddin University
Respiratory System

Cavum nasi
Pharynx

Larynx

Trachea

Cavitas thoracis
Pulmo

Bronchus

Innervation &
Vascularisation
Ontogeny

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Composition
Respiratory tract
Nose

Pharynx upper respiratory tract

Larynx

Trachea

lower respiratory tract

Bronchi

Lungs-paired organs of respiration

Function: supply the body with oxygen
and to get rid of excess carbon dioxide
resulting from cell metabolism
The Nose

External nose:
Root of nose

Back of nose

Apex of nose

Alae of nasi

Nasal cavity divided

into two halves by nasal
septum
CAVUM NASI

Structure of the wall

Concha nasalis

Meatus Nasi

Sinus paranasalis

vascularization and
innervation
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Mucous membrane of nose
Olfactory region: located upper nasal cavity, above superior
nasal conchaecontains olfactory cells
Respiratory region : its function is to warm, moisten, and clean
the inspired air
Two parts:
Divided by Septum nasi
Nasal vestibule
Proper nasal cavity
Boundaries
Roofcribriform plate of
ethmoid
Floorhard palate
Medial wallnasal septum
Lateral wall
Nasal conchae: superior,
middle and inferior
Nasal meatus: superor,
middle and inferior
Sphenoethmoidal recess
CAVUM NASI
Apertura Nasalis Anterior (=Nares Anterior)
Apertura Nasalis Posterior (= CHOANAE)
Septum Nasi

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MEDIAL WALL

SEPTUM NASI

Os Vomer (postero- inferior)

Lamina perpendicularis ossis
eithmoidalis (postero-superior)
Cartilago septalis

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 SEPTUM NASI
Lamina perpendicularis
ossis ethmoidalis

Cartilago septalis

Os vomer

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LATERAL WALL

Consist of:Proc. Frontalis ossis

maxillaris, os nasale, facies medialis
ossis maxillaris and lamina
perpendicularis ossis palatini
Lined by erectil tissue

There are processus

CHONCHA
NASALES

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CHONCHA NASALES

Choncha nasalis
superior
Concha Nasalis
medius
Concha nasalis
inferior

MEATUS NASI
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vascularization

R. sphenopalatinus of a. maxillaris
R. eithmoidalis anterior et posterior of
a. ophtalmica
R. labialis superior of a. facialis

R. ascendens of a. palatina major

PLEXUS KIESSELBACH
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LATERAL WALL
R. eithmoidalis anterior of a. ophtalmica
(antero-superior)
R.labialis superior of A.facialis, r.palatinus
major & a. infraorbitalis (antero-inferior)
R.nasalis posterior lateralis of a.maxillaris
(postero-superior)
A.palatina major & a.sphenopalatina
(postero-inferior)

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15
Innervation
N. Nasociliaris
External surface
N. Infraorbitalis
lateral wall (4 Quadrans)

N.Eithmoidalis anterior, n.dentalis

superior anterior,r.nasalis posterior
lateralis cab. Ggl.sphenoplatinum and
r.nasalis posterior inferior cab.
N.palatinus major
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LATERAL Bulbus olfactorius

WALL Ganglion
pterygopalatinum

n.ethmoidalis
anterior

n.palatina major
et minor 17
 SINUS PARANASALIS

Sinus frontalis
Sinus ethmoidalis
(=cellulae eithmoidalis)
Sinus sphenoidalis
Sinus maxillaris (=
ANTRUM OF HIGHMORE)

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SINUS FRONTALIS

Within os frontale
Cranialis of arcus
superciliaris
It can be extend to
cavum orbita

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SINUS SPHENOIDALIS

Withincorpus
sphenoidalis
Separated by
septum in linea
mediana

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SINUS ETHMOIDALIS

Consist of small
rooms-(cellulae
ethmoidalis)
Cellulae
ethmoidalis
anterior,medialis &
posterior

Cellulae ethmoidalis 21
SINUS MAXILLARIS
Biggest, piramid in shape, within os
maxillaris
On lateral wall,cav.nasi (basis)
Os faciei (wall anterolateral)
Facies infratemporalis (wall posterior)
Basis of cavum orbita (roof)
Facies alveolaris of maxillae M1-M2 (floor)
On medial wall, there is HIATUS
MAXILLARIS
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 Sinus
maxillaris

Cavum
Concha nasalis
nasi
inferior
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Remove the middle nasal conchae
Semilunar hiatus

Ethmoidal infundibulum

Ethmoidal bulla
Role of sinus paranasalis
Air become wet and warm
Os cranium become lighter

Air resonance

innervation: n.opthalmicus and n.

maxillaris

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 The paranasal sinuses and their site of
drainage into the nose
Name of sinus Site of drainage

Frontal sinus Middle meatus via infundibulum

Maxillary sinus Middle meatus through semilunar hiatus

Sphenoid sinus Sphenoethmoidal recess

Ethmoidal sinuses
anterior group Middle meatus
middle group Middle meatus
posterior group Superior nasal meatus
Sinus sphenoidalis Recessus
sphenoethmoidalis
Cellulae eth. post Meatus nasi superior
Ductus nasolacrimalis Meatus nasi inferior

Sinus maxillaris

The
Cellulae eth. medius
Meatus nasi medius
other
Cellulae eth. anterior
Sinus frontalis
(duct.nasofrontalis) 27
 Frontal sinus

Ethmoidal sinuses
Sphenoid sinus

Maxillary sinus
PHARYNX
Fibro-muscular, cones in shape
Basis cranii caudal part of
cart.cricoidea (Vert.cervical VI)
Between wall posterior pharynx &
fascia prevertebralis

SPATIUM RETROPHARYNGEUS

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The Pharynx

General features
A fibromuscular tube,
part of digestive and
respiratory systens
Extends from base of skull
to the inferior border of
cricoid cartilage (lower
border of C6 level)
Three segments
CAVUM PHARYNGIS

Divided by palatum
molle to be
Nasopharynx

Oropharynx

laryngopharynx

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Nasopharynx posterior to
nasal cavities
Extends from the base of skull
to level of soft palate, below
Features
Pharyngeal opening of
auditory tube -Tubal torus
Pharyngeal recess
Tubal tonsil
Pharyngeal tonsil
Oropharynx posterior to oral
cavity
Lies below soft palate, extends
to upper border of epiglottis
Nasopharynx
Cranialis of palatum molle
Ostium pharyngeum tuba auditivae

Torus tubarius

Plica salphingopalatinae

Plica salphingopharyngea

Tonsilla pharyngea & tonsilla tubaria

Recessus pharyngeus

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Laryngopharynx posterior to larynx
Extends from upper border of epiglottis to the level of lower
border of C6
Piriform recessa deep depression on each side of aperture of
larynx, common side for lodgement of foreign bodies (for
example, fish bones)
 Torus
tubarius
Recessus
Tuba auditivae pharyngeus

Plica
salphingopha
ryngea

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 Palatum
molle

Arcus
Arcus
palatoglossus
palatopharyn
geus
Tonsilla
palatina

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m.Constrictor
pharyngis superior

m.Constrictor
pharyngis medius

m.Constrictor
pharyngis inferior

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 Raphe
medianum

m.stylophar
yngeus

m.Constrictor
pharyngis inf.

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