• World Wide Web • e-mail • Chatting • FTP • Newsgroup • Telnet • Online Banking • Airline/Railway Reservation • Audio- Conferencing • Video- Conferencing • Searching • Advertisement • Job Search • Education / Online Examination World Wide Web – The World Wide Web (commonly abbreviated as "the Web") is a very large set of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. – With a Web browser, one can view Web pages that may contain text, images, videos, and other multimedia and navigate between them using hyperlinks. – the World Wide Web was begun in 1992 by the English physicist Sir Tim Berners-Lee. – The World Wide Web enabled the spread of information over the Internet through an easy-to-use and flexible format. – World Wide Web is not synonymous with Internet. The Internet consists of a worldwide collection of computers and sub-networks exchanging data using wires, cables and radio links, whereas the World Wide Web is a huge set of documents, images and other 'resources' linked by an abstract 'web' of hypertext links and URLs. e-mail • Electronic mail—often abbreviated as e-mail or email—is any method of creating, transmitting, or storing primarily text-based human communications with digital communications systems. • Historically, a variety of electronic mail system designs evolved that were often incompatible or not interoperable. • The standardization efforts of Internet architects succeeded in building a single standard based on the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP). • Modern e-mail systems are based on a store-and-forward model in which e-mail computer server systems, accept, forward, or store messages on behalf of users, who only connect to the e-mail infrastructure with their personal computer or other network-enabled device for the duration of message transmission or retrieval to or from their designated server. • While, originally, e-mail consisted only of text messages composed in the ASCII character set, virtually any media format can be sent today, including attachments of audio and video clips. e-mail • Internet e-mail messages consist of two major sections: – Header — Structured into fields such as summary, sender, receiver, and other information about the e-mail – Body — The message itself as unstructured text; sometimes containing a signature block at the end • The header is separated from the body by a blank line. e-mail • Header – Each message has exactly one header, which is structured into fields. – The message header usually includes at least the following fields: • From: The e-mail address, and optionally the name of the sender • To: The e-mail address[es], and optionally name[s] of the message's recipient[s] • Subject: A brief summary of the contents of the message • Date: The local time and date when the message was written . • Bcc: Blind Carbon Copy • Cc: Carbon copy • Content-Type: Information about how the message has to be displayed, usually a MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions )type • Body – It is the original message generated by the user. – It contains text, images and other information. • Various e-mail Protocols are: • IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol ) • POP3 (Post Office Protocol version 3 ) • SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol ) • MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) it is a format used with SMTP. Chatting
• On the Internet, chatting is talking to other people who
are using the Internet at the same time when you are. • The term chat room, or chatroom, is primarily used by mass media to describe any form of synchronous conferencing, occasionally even asynchronous conferencing. The term can thus mean any technology ranging from real-time online chat over instant messaging. • Internet Relay Chat Protocol (IRC) is the protocol used for chatting. • IRC was originally created by a gentleman from Finland named Jarkko Oikarinen, based on his experience with chat applications on BBSes(bulletin board system ) Chatting FTP • File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a network protocol used to exchange and manipulate files over a TCP computer network, such as the internet. An FTP client may connect to an FTP server to manipulate files on that server. • The objectives of FTP, are: – To promote sharing of files (computer programs and/or data). – To encourage indirect or implicit use of remote computers. – To shield a user from variations in file storage systems among different hosts. – To transfer data reliably, and efficiently. Newsgroup • A newsgroup is a repository usually within the Usenet system, for messages posted from many users in different locations. The term may be confusing to some, because it is usually a discussion group. • Typically, a newsgroup is focused on a particular topic of interest. Some newsgroups allow the posting of messages on a wide variety of themes, regarding anything a member chooses to discuss as on-topic, while others keep more strictly to their particular subject, frowning on off-topic postings. • The news admin (the administrator of a news server) decides how long articles are kept on his server before being expired (deleted). Different servers will have different retention times for the same newsgroup; some may keep articles for as little as one or two weeks, others may hold them for many months. Telnet • Telnet is a user command and an underlying TCP/IP protocol for accessing remote computers. • Telnet (Telecommunication network) is a network protocol used on the Internet or local area network (LAN) connections. • Typically, Telnet provides access to a command-line interface on a remote machine. • The term telnet also refers to software which implements the client part of the protocol. • Telnet is a client-server protocol, based on a reliable connection-oriented transport. Typically this protocol is used to establish a connection to TCP port 23, where a Getty-equivalent program (telnetd) is listening. Online Banking • Online banking (or Internet banking) allows customers to conduct financial transactions on a secure website operated by their retail or virtual bank. • The common features fall broadly into several categories – Transactional (e.g., performing a financial transaction such as an account to account transfer, paying a bill, wire transfer... and applications... apply for a loan, new account, etc.) • Electronic bill presentment and payment - EBPP • Funds transfer between a customer's own checking and savings accounts, or to another customer's account • Investment purchase or sale • Loan applications and transactions, such as repayments – Non-transactional (e.g., online statements, check links, co browsing, chat) • Bank statements Airline/Railway Reservation • Plan you trip on Indian Railways Trains, Check Availability, Seats Availability, Reservation, Enquiry, PNR, Passenger Status, etc. Audio- Conferencing • Audio Conferencing service allows multiple participants to converse with each other regardless of their location through the normal fixed line telephone or cellular phone. An audio conference subscriber can add two or more participants in a particular conference. The customers can schedule their audio conferences through the Web or through IVR. • On demand conference can be made. The chairperson can invite several users one by one in the conference without using the web. He/she has to just dial a number followed by certain number and the called party number for doing a conference call. Video- Conferencing • Video conferencing is a powerful tool and provides a virtual meeting environment that gives the benefit of real meeting. • A videoconference (also known as a videoteleconference) is a set of interactive telecommunication technologies which allow two or more locations to interact via two-way video and audio transmissions simultaneously. It has also been called visual collaboration and is a type of groupware (groupware or workgroup support systems is software designed to help people involved in a common task achieve their goals. ) • The invention of ISDN technology has made the world of video conferencing a much better one. Compared to an IP connection, ISDN is a much quicker, more reliable and quicker way to get all you need out of your video conference. Searching • This id done with the help of search engine. A search engine is an Internet tool that locates web pages and sorts them according to specified keywords. • Keyword Searching • Refining Your Search • Relevancy Ranking • Meta Tags (Some search engines are now indexing Web documents by the meta tags in the documents' HTML (at the beginning of the document in the so-called "head" tag). • Concept-based Searching (This information is out dated, but might have historical interest for researchers) Advertisement • Online advertising is a form of promotion that uses the Internet and World Wide Web for the expressed purpose of delivering marketing messages to attract customers. • Examples of online advertising include contextual ads on – search engine results pages, – banner ads(It is intended to attract traffic to a website by linking to the website of the advertiser. The advertisement is constructed from an image (GIF, JPEG, PNG), JavaScript program or multimedia object employing technologies such as Silverlight, Java, Shockwave or Flash, often employing animation, sound, or video to maximize presence ), – Social network advertising(a term that is used to describe a form of Online advertising that focuses on social networking sites. One of the major benefits of advertising on a social networking site (facebook, myspace, friendster, bebo, orkut...and many others) is that advertisers can take advantage of the users demographic information and target their ads appropriately) – online classified advertising ( It is a form of advertising which is particularly common in newspapers, online and other periodicals, e.g. free ads papers, Classified advertising differs from standard advertising or business models in that it allows private individuals (not simply companies or corporate entities) to solicit sales for products and services.) – e-mail marketing (is a form of direct marketing which uses electronic mail as a means of communicating commercial or fundraising messages to an audience) – e-mail spam (also known as junk e-mail, is a subset of spam that involves nearly identical messages sent to numerous recipients by e-mail. ) Job Search Online Search • The Internet created a new, fast and effective way to search for jobs. Now the job search is easier than ever before. There are hundreds of online job databases ranging from major national sites like monster.com, naukri.com and hotjobs.com to regional resources like nwjobs.com. Both types of resources should be included in your online job search, especially if you need to find a job in a specific geographic area. The national databases do not necessarily include all of the local job listings for your area. • The job search engines are a good place to start. It's like one-stop shopping; these sites let you search many of the major job databases all at once. Using them will save time searching the individual job databases Education / Online Examination • Online education refers to any form of learning/teaching that takes place via a computer network. The network could be a local bulletin board system (BBS) or it could be the global internet and world wide web. The network could also be a local area network (LAN) or an intranet within a particular organization. • The most common function used in online education is electronic mail (email) that allows students and teachers to send messages to each other. • In addition, most networks also provide conferencing capabilities that let participants conduct multi-person discussions either in real- time (often called "chats") or on a delayed basis (asynchronous). There are also more elaborate systems for group interaction as many "groupware" programs. Education / Online Examination • Learning and teaching online is much different than a traditional classroom experience (even when used as part of a conventional class). Since most communication takes place via written messages (or files), writing skill and the ability to put thoughts into words are paramount. • It can contain stored/ recorded video files. • Sometime the teacher may present online for query solving. • Examination and results can be displayed online.
Computer Networking Beginners Guide: An Introduction on Wireless Technology and Systems Security to Pass CCNA Exam, With a Hint of Linux Programming and Command Line