Concept of Feedback Amplifiers

Sheher Banu S
ECE Department
MVJ College of Engineering
 Contents
2

Introduction
Feedback Amplifiers
Types of Feedback
Block diagram of a basic feedback amplifier
Feedback connection types
Summary

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 Introduction
3

Feedback is a process of mixing a part of output signal

with the applied input signal.
In feedback system, a signal that is proportional to the
output is fed back to the input and combined with the
input signal to produce a desired system response.
Feedback is used in virtually all amplifier system.

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 Feedback Amplifiers
4

Feedback is a technique where a proportion of the output of

a system (amplifier) is fed back and recombined with input

A: Amplifier Gain input A output

: Feedback ratio
A: Loop gain
b
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Types of Feedback
5

Positive Feedback
Negative Feedback

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 Positive Feedback
6

When source signal and feedback signal are in same

phase then it is called positive feedback.
An amplifier can behaves as an oscillator if sufficient
positive feedback is used.

input A output
+

b
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 Effects of Positive Feedback
7

Positive feedback increases the amplification but at the

cost of reduced stability.
Its main application is in the design of an oscillator.

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 Negative Feedback
8

When source signal and feedback signal are out of

phase then it is called negative feedback.

input A output

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 Effects of Negative Feedback
9
The basic idea of negative feedback is to trade off gain for
other desirable properties.
The disadvantage of reducing the gain can be overcome by
adding few more stages of amplification.
Effects;
Reduces gain
Stabilizes gain
Reduces non linear distortion
Reduces noise
Controls input and output impedances
o Negative feedback increases the input impedance of the voltage amplifier.
o The output impedance of the voltage amplifier can be further lowered by negative
feedback.
Extends bandwidth
o Negative feedback increases the frequency response and the bandwidth of the
amplifier.
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Block diagram of a Basic Feedback Amplifier
10

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Input Signal:
The signal source is modeled either by a voltage
source Vs in series with a resistance Rs , or by a current
source Is in parallel with a resistance Rs.
Output Signal:
The output can either be the voltage
across the load resistance or the current through it. It is
the output signal that is desired to be independent of the
load and insensitive to parameter variations in the basic
amplifier.

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Sampling Network:
The function of the sampling network is to provide a
measure of the output signal, i.e., a signal that is proportional
to the output. This configuration is called shunt connection.

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Sampling Network:
In the figure below, the output current is sampled and the
output port of the feedback network is connected in series
with the load. This is a series connection.

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Comparison or Summing Network:

Feedback connections at the input of a basic amplifier;

1. Voltage Summing (Series comparison)
2. Current Summing (Shunt comparison)

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 Voltage Summing (Series comparison)
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Series connection is used to compare the signal voltage Vs and feedback
signal Vf .
The amplifier input signal Vi is proportional to the voltage difference Vs -Vf
that results from the comparison.
A differential amplifier is used for comparison as its output voltage is
proportional to the difference between the signals at the two inputs.

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 Current Summing (Shunt comparison)
16

In a shunt connection shown below the source current Is and feedback

current If are compared. The amplifier input current Ii is proportional to
the difference Is-If .

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 Feedback Connection Types
17

Voltage Series Feedback (Series-Shunt)

Voltage Shunt Feedback (Shunt-Shunt)
Current Series Feedback (Series-Series)
Current Shunt Feedback (Shunt-Series)

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 Voltage Series Feedback (Series-Shunt)
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 Voltage Shunt Feedback (Shunt-Shunt)
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 Current Series Feedback (Series-Series)
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 Current Shunt Feedback (Shunt-Series)
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Summary
1. For a series connection at input or output, the resistance
is increased by (1+bA).
2. For a shunt connection at input or output, the resistance
is lowered by (1+bA).

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Thank You

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