a.

Nobel & Son

 WIRE ROPE

WIRE ROPE

CORE
WIRE
CORE CENTER

CENTER WIRE

STRAND

STRAND
WIRE ROPE

WIRE

Wire Rope Description

The properties of a wire rope are derived from its size,
construction, quality, lay and type of core.
WIRE ROPE

z (right lay) s (left lay)

Ordinary lay Langs lay

RHOL (sZ) RHRL (sZ) RHLL (zZ) LHLL (sS)

WIRE ROPE

Right hand ordinary lay (sZ) Right hand langs lay (zZ)

Left hand ordinary lay (zS) Left hand langs lay (sS)

lay

One rope lay Right hand alter nate lay (aZ)

WIRE ROPE

Fibre Core (FC) in 6x7 rope Wire Strand Core 6 x 25 FW Fibre Core
(WSC) in 6x7 Rope

Cores & Wire Tensile

BEBERAPA JENIS CORE YANG DAPAT DIPAKAI PADA ROPE
DAN MASING MASING AKAN MENJADIKAN ROPE MEMPUNYAI
SPESIFIKASI SENDIRI
.
1. Fibre Core (FC) sisal atau lypropylene
2. Wire Strand Core (WSC) strand biasanya sama
dengan konstruksi strand bagian luar
3. Independent Wire Rope Core (IWRC) wire rope
Independent Wire Rope Core (IWRC) in 6x25 FW Rope
umumnya memakai 6 x 7 ( 6/1)
WIRE ROPE

Fiber Core

Synthetic Core

Sedangkan inti tali baja dari serat bahan dasar plastik

(synthetic fiber ropes ) seperti halnya serat nylon ,
polysther, polypropelene, polyethelene memiliki
beberapa sifat, antara lain:

- sedikit fleksibel,memiliki daya lenting

- kemampuannya lebih baik,
- mudah berubah bentuk apabila tali baja ini digulung
pada tromol lebih dari satu kawat ini cenderung
menghimpit intinya
- mudah rusak akibat perubahan temperatur tinggi
WIRE ROPE

Independent Wire Rope Core

( IWRC)

merupakan salah satu jenis inti tali baja

IWRC
kurang fleksibel / kaku,
kemampuannya sangat baik yaitu ,
tidak mudah berubah bentuk (memipih)
apabila tali baja ini digulung lebih satu lapis
lilitan pada tromol,
lebih tahan terhadap perubahan
temperatur,
tidak tahan terhadap zat kimia yang
bersifat korosif.
WIRE ROPE

Wire Strand Core

(WSC) in 6x7 Rope Wire Strand Core ini besar
kegunaannya untuk standing rope ( guys
atau rigging ) dan memiliki tegangan
mulur yang tinggi oleh karena wire besar
didalam core maka jenis ini mempunyai
tahanan karat yang lebih besar
WIRE ROPE

Tensile Strength Grades

Wire ropes are usually supplied in

the following tensile ranges:
ROPE GRADE RANGE OF WIRE TENSLILE
STRANGTH GRADES
N/ mm2

1570 1370 to 1770

1770 1570 to 1960

1960 1770 to 2160

2160 1960 to 2160

N/ mm2 = 145 psi

WIRE ROPE

Rope Grade Equivalents

Rope Grade Equivalent Rope

Designation Grade

IPS 1770

EIPS 1960

EEIPS 2160
WIRE ROPE

PreeformIng
Kawat dan pilinan di dalam wire rope yang dibentuk awal ( helical )

KEUNTUNGAN preforming ini utamanya adalah

- Wire rope tidak mudah terurai

- Dipotong tanpa harus di sizing
- Tebebas dari puntiran ,mempermudah pemasangan dan penangannya
- tidak mudah tertekuk ( kink )
- Ketahanan terhadap kelelahan bengkok bertambah
- Setiap pilinan menangggung berat yang sama
- Kurang menyebabkan keausan pada sheave dan drum
- Bila kawat ada yang putus tidak menonjol keluar
- Mampu menahan beban kejut dan keausan
WIRE ROPE
M e t h o d s of r e m o v i n g r o p e f r o m
Reels & coIls

HandlIng

kinking correct

Penanganan rope yang tidak benar dari reel dan coil dapat berakibat
wire dan strand springing dan wire dapat menjadi kinking jenis
kerusakan ini jarang dapat diperbaiki dan dapat mengangakibatkan
menurunnya usia pakai dari rope .
Correct methods of taking ropes
from coils: Roll the coil along the
ground or use a turntable

incorrect incorrect

Incorrect method: Dont pull

the rope from a stationary coil
WIRE ROPE

Methods of removing rope from reels & coils

Turntables, preferably mounted on the floor, may be used for

unwinding ropes from reels stored on their sides. Care must be
taken to brake such turntables, as over-running could cause the
rope to slacken, fall off and foul under the turntable.
If a coil is too large to be handled manually it should be
mountedon a turntable or suspended by a spindle from a swivel
cranehook.

When coiling ropes down by hand on the floor, an occasional coil

underhand coil relieves torque and provides a more easily
handled coil. Right Hand lay ropes should be coiled down
clockwise, Left Hand lay ropes anti-clockwise.

Correct methods of taking ropes from reels: When a large

reel is used, it is recommended that a plank is used as a brake
against the reel flange or on the shaft or side plate.
WIRE ROPE

The fleet angle

Tensioning Rope
Wire rope for multi-layer drums
must be installed under tension.
It is imperative that the bottom
layer is tight with the exact
number of turns on the drum

The fleet angle has an important bearing on the winding of a

rope from sheave to drum, particularly at high operation speeds.
If winding is to take place smoothly, the fleet angles on both
sides of the drum will have to be kept within acceptable limits.
Excessive fleet angles can result in considerable abrasive damage
to both sheave flanges and rope and considerably reduce the life
of the rope and the equipment.

Fleet angles normally range to a maximum of 1.5 for plain

drums and to a maximum of 2.5 for grooved drums. Smaller
angles are required for high speed haulage such as mine
windings. Unless the head or guide sheave is centred with respect
to the drum, there will be different values for the left and the
right fleet angles.
 RECOMMENDED MINIMUM RATIO OF DRUM AND SHEAVE
WIRE ROPE DIAMETER TO ROPE DIAMETER

Rope Construction Ratio

6x7 43
6 x 19S (9/9.1) 32
6 x 21FW (10/5 + 5F/1) 30
6 x 19W (6 & 6/6/1) 30
6 x 25FW (12/6 + 6F/1) 23
6 x 36SW (14/7 & 7/7/1) 22
6 x 26WF (7 & 7/7/4/1) 22
6 x 24 (15/9/F) 22
6 x 29FW (14/7 + 7F/1) 22

6 x 41SW (16/8/8 & 8/8/1) 21

6 x 37 (18/12/6/1) 21
19 x 7 23
35 x 7 20
4 x 39 Mono Track 20
WIRE ROPE

GALVANISED ROPE FOR MARINE & GENERAL PURPOSE

ROUND STRAND 6 X7

Nominal Approximate Mass Min. Braeaking Force

diameter At 1570 MPa
Tolerance Fibre Wire Fibre Wire
+4% Core Rope Core Rope
- 1% Ropes Core Ropes Core
6 x 7 (6/1) 7 x 7 (6/1)
Fibre Core mm Kg/100m Kg/100m kN kN
Wire Ropes
Ropes 2 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.3 Core
3 3.2 3.6 4.7 5.2
4 5.7 6.3 8.4 9.2
5 8.9 9.9 13.0 14.3
6 2.9 14.3 18.7 20.6
7 17.8 19.47 25.5 28.2
8 22.9 25.2 33.5 36.0
9 29.0 32.0 42.2 45.7
10 35.7 39.2 52.2 56.2
11 43.2 47.5 63.0 68.2
12 51.5 56.7 75.0 81.0
13 60.4 66.4 88.1 95.2
14 70.1 77.1 102.0 110.0
16 91.5 101.0 134.0 144.0
18 116.0 128.0 169.0 183.0
20 43.0 157.0 209.0 225.0
22 173.0 190.0 252.0 273.0
24 206.0 227.0 300.0 324.0
26 242.0 266.0 353.0 381.0
28 280.0 308.0 409.0 442.0
32 366.0 403.0 534.0 577.0
WIRE ROPE

Pendant rope for tower cranes, mobile cranes, grabs, suspended structures etc,
when high breaking load is required .

Nominal Metallic Approximate Minimum Breaking Force

Diameter Mass
Area Grade 1770 Grade 1960 Grade 2160
mm mm2 kg/100m
kN kN kN

16 147.2 123.7 218. 241.9 266.5

4
17 166.1 139.6 248.1 274.8 302.8

18 185.3 155.7 278.5 308.4 339.8

19 207.5 174.3 307.3 340.3 375

20 229.6 192.9 342.3 379 417.7

21 251.1 211 375 415.2 457.6

22 278.4 233.9 414.4 458.9 505.7

23 304.2 255.5 453 501.7 552.8

24 330.5 277.6 490.2 542.8 598.2

WIRE ROPE

AMERICAN WIRE ROPES

Hoist and Luffing Ropes for Lattice Boom Cranes (American Manufacture)

6 x 25 FW or 6 x 31 WS IWRC

Nominal Diameter Nominal Strength in kN

Approximate Mass
Extra Extra Improved Extra Improved
Inches mm kg/100m
Plough Steel Plough Steel
5/8 15.9 107 202 183
3/4 19.1 155 288 262
7/8 22.2 211 390 354
1 25.4 275 506 460
1 1/8 28.6 348 636 578

1 1/4 31.8 430 782 711

Nominal Strength is an American term

Minimum Breaking Force is 2 1/2 % lower than the Nominal Strength.

.
WIRE ROPE
STAINLESS STEEL WIRE ROPE
7 x 19

7x19 maksudnya adalah terdiri dari 7 strand dan tiap

strand terdiri dari 19 kawat pada umumnya dilapangan
banyak konstruksi yang menggunakan tali kawat baja ini
dan tali baja ini lebih flexible dan lebih mudah dipakai
untuk mengatasi belokan dan sudut tertentu

7x7 7x7 terdiri dari 7 strand masing masing strand terdiri dari 7 wire
dan jenis ini tidak se flexible wire rope 7 x 19 . 7x7 adalah paling
tepat dipakai untuk rigging yang tidak bergerak seperti susuran
tangga atau pembatas pengaman pagar ( abalustrading and safety
barrier rails. ) disebabkan 7 x 7 ini lebih kaku dibanding dengan 7 x
19 ,dengan sudut yang terbatas masih dapat dipakai untuk
pemasangan thimble eye atau swage fittings. 7x7 ini sangat
terbatas sekali pada operasi yang bergerak.

1 x 19

1x19 terdiri dari 1 strand dengan jumlah kawat 19, rope jenis
ini sangat kaku hanya cocok digunakan untuk straight line
rigging seperti tiang pancang dan sejenisnya- tidak dapat
dipakai untuk timble eyes dan jenis ini paling tepat dipakai
untuk machine swaged end fittings.
WIRE ROPE
Drilling Lines 6 x 19 SEALE

Right Hand Ordinary Lay, Ungalvanised

IWRC to API Spec 9A
Minimum Breaking Force
Nominal Diameter Approximate Mass
IPS Grade EIPS Grade

Inches mm kg/100m lb/ft kN 1000 lb kN 1000 lb

7/8 22 211 1.42 308 69.2 354 76.6

1 26 275 1.85 399 89.8 460 103.4
1 1/8 29 348 2.34 503 113 578 130
1 1/4 32 430 2.89 617 138.8 711 159.8
1 3/8 35 521 3.5 743 167 854 159

1 1/2 38 619 4.16 880 197.8 1014 228

1 5/8 42 726 4.88 1023 230 1174 264
1 3/4 45 844 5.67 1183 266 1361 306
WIRE ROPE

Wire Rope & Strand Terminations

CHOICE OF WIRE ROPE TERMINATIONS

Typical Tensile Resistance to Ease of Fitting

Page No. Type of Wire Rope Termination
Efficiency (%) Vibration & Impact in Field

1 Crosby Open Swage Sockets 100 Good -

2 Crosby Closed Swage Sockets 100 Good
-
3
Crosby open Spelter Sockets 100 Fair Good
4 Crosby Closed Spelter Sockets 100 Fair Good
5 Crosby Terminator Wedge Sockets 75-90 Fair Excellent
6 Grips Wire Rope 80-85 Good Very Good
WIRE ROPE

WEDGE SOCKET incorrect

SHORT PIECE LOOP DIRECTLY

WEDGE SOCKET
OF WIRE ROPE OF ROPE

DIPAKAI UNTUK MENGIKAT WIRE ROPE DENGAN BERBAGAI

KEPERLUAN
KEUNTUNGAN ; KEMUDAHAN BONGKAR PASANG
TETAPI EFESIENSI RENDAH (70 % DARI WIRE ROPE)
WIRE ROPE
WIRE ROPE CLIP

Thimbles
Buldog Grips

Rope Clip
________________
Jarak yang ditententukan adalah 6 diameter rope
U-bolt
_________________________________________
Diameter of Rope No. of Clip
Not less than
_________________________________________
Up to and including 22 mm 3 Sadle
23 mm to 32 mm 4
33 mm to 38 mm 5
33 mm to 38 mm 6
Over 52 mm 7
_________________________________________
Pemasangan Clamp /Clip pada Wire Rope dimana bagian
sadle harus kontak dengan live atau load line dan U-
boltnya kontak dengan short atau dead end line
Seperti pada gambar diatas ;

JANGAN MENGKLEM UJUNG WIRE ROPE PADA

BAGIAN YANG HIDUP ( LIFE END )
WIRE ROPE

Wire Rope Grip Table

Size Minimum Required Torque
Nominal Number
Rope Dia Of Wire Nm Lb.ft
( mm Rope Grips

5 3 2.0 1.5
6.5 3 3.5 2.6
8 4 6.0 4.4
10 4 9.0 6.6
13 4 33.0 24
16 4 49.0 36
19 4 68.0 50
22 5 107 79
26 5 147 108
30 6 212 156
34 6 296 218
40 6 363 268
WIRE ROPE

Open Swage Sockets

Closed Swage Sockets

Satu kawat atau lebih putus didekat fitting

diganti atau dipotong sedikitnya 6-8 dari
ujung fitting
WIRE ROPE

Open Swage Sockets

Closed Swage Sockets

Sockets zink Type efisiensi 100 %

Mechanical - splice - efisiensi 100 %

WIRE ROPE

Broken Wires

Yang dimaksud dengan tali ( rope ) disini adalah tali

yang dipakai pada crane dan tali yang dipakai untuk
pengangkatan ( Hoist ),ini akan discrab atau dibuang
bilamana keduanya sudah melampui batas tingkat
yang ada didalam table. Tetapi usia tali mungkin bisa
berakhir sebelum batas yang ditetentukan dicapai
 LIMIT OF DEGRADATION FOR DISCARD OF GENERAL PURPOSE LIFTING ROPES,
CRANE ROPE AND HOIST
WIRE ROPE
Limit of degradation for discard
Type of Maximum allowable Maximum allowable
degradati Construction number of number of
on broken wires over a broken wires over a
length of 6 length of 30
times the ropes diameter times the ropes diameter

6 x 19 (12/6/1) 5 10
6 x 19 S (9/9/1) 3 6
6 x 26 SW (10/5 and 5/5/1) 5 10
6 x 25 FW (12/6 and 6/1) 5 10
6 x 29 FW (14/7/7/1) 7 14
6 x 24 (15/9/F) 5 10
Broken 8 x 19 S (9/9/1) 5 10
wires 8 x 25 FW (12/6 and 6/1) 6 13
6 x 36 SW (14/7 and 7/7/1) 7 14
6 x 37 (18/12/6/1) 10 19
6 x 41 SW (16/8 and 8/8/1) 9 18
18 x 7 NR 1 2
4 x 48 NR 2 4
4 x 48 2 4

Wear All types Outer wires are worn more than one third of their
diameter

Loss of All types The loss of metallic area due to visible combined wire
area wear and
broken or cracked wires exceeds 10%

Corrosion All types Corrosion is marked by noticeable pitting or loosening

of outer wires

NOTES:
1. The number of wire breaks before discard in the above table is quite high, and if wire breaks are
concentrated in one strand, lower levels for discard are appropriate. If more than
one third of the outer wires in a strand are broken over a length of six times the rope diameter, the
rope shall be discarded.
2. Where ropes are used for lifts, AS 1735.2 applies, which is less stringent than the above table.
The mining industry frequently requires more stringent discard criteria.
3. Rope of Langs lay construction other than rotation resistant ropes shall have no more than 50%
of the above values.
4. Number of broken wires alone is not the only factor in discarding a wire rope.
WIRE ROPE
WIRE ROPE CORE

STRAND CENTER WIRE WIRE

 Table D.1 Diameters, diameter tolerances and minimum breaking forces

Nominal diameter tolerance Approximate Minimum breaking force

Diameter mass
min max. Grade IPS Grade EIP

mm (in) mm (in) mm (in) kg/m (lb/ft) kN (lb) kN (lb)

4,76 (3/16) 4,775 (0.188) 5,105 (0.201) 0,1090 (0.073) 18,7 (4 200) 20,9 (4 700)
5,56 (7/32) 5,5636 (0.219) 5,8936 (0.232) ,1490, (0.100) 26,2 (5 900) 29,4 (6 600)
6,35 (1/4) ,3507, (0.250) ,7318, (0.265) 1890,3 (0.127) 32,5 (7 300) 36,5 (8 200)
7,94 (5/16) 950 (0.313) 357 (0.329) 27 (0.220) 49,4 (11 100) 55,6 (12 500)

k kilo,1000
Mpa megapascal, N/mm2
1 Mpa = 145 psi
Pa Pascal, 1 N/m2
N Newton , 0,2248 lb
1 lb = 4.448 N API Specification 9A / ISO 10425:2003
Lay length
For single-layer ropes of 6 7 class, the length of lay of
the finished rope shall not exceed 8 rope diameter(d).

For other single-layer ropes with round strands (except

those with three or four strands), parallel-lay
closedropes and rotation-resistant ropes with round
strands or shaped strands, the length of lay of the
finished ropeshall not exceed 7,25 rope diameter (d).

For single-layer ropes with shaped strands, e.g.

triangular strand, the length of lay of the finished rope
shall
not exceed 10 rope diameter (d).

For well-servicing strand, the length of lay of the

finished strand shall not exceed 10 strand diameter
API Specification 9A / ISO 10425:2003

(d).
 Constructions & Lays

RHOL Right Hand Ordinary Lay (sZ)

LHOL Left Hand Ordinary Lay (zS)
RHLL Right Hand Langs Lay (zZ)
LHLL Left Hand Langs Lay (sS)
RHAL Right Hand Alternate Lay (aZ)
Pref Preformed
Post Postformed
IWRC Independent Wire Rope Core
WSC Wire Strand Core
FC Fibre Core
FW Filler Wire Strand Construction 6 x 25 FW 7 x 19 WSC 6 x 7 (6/1) FC
TS Triangular Strand Construction (12/6 & 6 F/1)
W Warrington Strand Construction
S Seale Strand Construction
SW Seale Warrington Construction
SF Seale Filler Construction
D or d Diameter (in millimetres)
FS Flattened Strand
HLC Half Locked Coil
FLC Full Locked Coil

6 x 19 S 6 x 19 S 6 x 19W IWRC in
(9/9/1) (9/9/1) (6 & 6/6/1) 6x25 FW Rop

FS 6 x 12/12/3TS
Deterioration
Typical examples of wire rope deterioration

1. Mechanical damage due to

rope movement over sharp
edges whilst( sambil ) under load

1. Mechanical damage

2. Localised wear due to

abrasion on supporting
structure.

2. Localised wear

3. Narrow path of wire breaks

caused by working in a
grossly( kasar ) oversized groove or
over small support rollers.

3. Narrow path of wire breaks

 4. Severe wear in Langs Lay,
caused by abrasion at crossover
points on multi-layer
4. Severe wear in Langs Lay, coiling application

5. Corrosion of severe degree

caused by immersion tercelup of rope
in water
5. Corrosion of severe degree

6. Typical wire fractures pecah as

a result of bend fatigue.
6. Typical wire fractures
 Birdcaging

berbentuk sangkar burung

terlepas dari pintalannya.

akibat dari beban berat

yang tidak seimbang
kinking diakibatkan penanganan yang salah

Akibat kinking
Wire fatic

High stranding