Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
http://aqua-pro.ae/
Reverse Osmosis (RO) Basics
I. RO
– Fundamentals of RO
– RO Selection and Design Criteria
– How to size a RO
II. Benefits of Using RO
– Energy Savings
• Research from DOE (Dept of Energy)
– Other Benefits
– RO for BFW
• Water Savings
• Chemical Savings
http://aqua-pro.ae/
• RO Brine Reclaim
Outline of Topics Cont’d
I. RO
– Fundamentals of RO
– RO Selection and Design Criteria
– How to size a RO
II. Benefits of Using RO
– Energy Savings
• Research from DOE (Dept of Energy)
– Other Benefits
– RO for BFW
• Water Savings
• Chemical Savings
http://aqua-pro.ae/
• RO Brine Reclaim
Fundamentals of RO
What is Osmosis?
I. RO
– Fundamentals of RO
– RO Selection and Design Criteria
– How to size a RO
II. Benefits of Using RO
– Energy Savings
• Research from DOE (Dept of Energy)
– Other Benefits
– RO for BFW
• Water Savings
• Chemical Savings
http://aqua-pro.ae/
• RO Brine Reclaim
Osmosis
Time
Less More
Equilibrium
Concentrated Concentrated
Outline of Topics
I. RO
– Fundamentals of RO
– RO Selection and Design Criteria
– How to size a RO
II. Benefits of Using RO
– Energy Savings
• Research from DOE (Dept of Energy)
– Other Benefits
– RO for BFW
• Water Savings
• Chemical Savings
http://aqua-pro.ae/
• RO Brine Reclaim
Osmosis in Nature
Semipermiable
Membrane
Osmotic
Pressure
I. RO
– Fundamentals of RO
– RO Selection and Design Criteria
– How to size a RO
II. Benefits of Using RO
– Energy Savings
• Research from DOE (Dept of Energy)
– Other Benefits
– RO for BFW
• Water Savings
• Chemical Savings
http://aqua-pro.ae/
• RO Brine Reclaim
Outline of Topics
I. RO
– Fundamentals of RO
– RO Selection and Design Criteria
– How to size a RO
II. Benefits of Using RO
– Energy Savings
• Research from DOE (Dept of Energy)
– Other Benefits
– RO for BFW
• Water Savings
• Chemical Savings
http://aqua-pro.ae/
• RO Brine Reclaim
Osmosis in Nature
Semipermiable
Membrane
Pressure Gradient
Outline of Topics
I. RO
– Fundamentals of RO
– RO Selection and Design Criteria
– How to size a RO
II. Benefits of Using RO
– Energy Savings
• Research from DOE (Dept of Energy)
– Other Benefits
– RO for BFW
• Water Savings
• Chemical Savings
http://aqua-pro.ae/
• RO Brine Reclaim
Osmosis in Nature
Semipermiable
Membrane
Equilibrium
Outline of Topics
I. RO
– Fundamentals of RO
– RO Selection and Design Criteria
– How to size a RO
II. Benefits of Using RO
– Energy Savings
• Research from DOE (Dept of Energy)
– Other Benefits
– RO for BFW
• Water Savings
• Chemical Savings
http://aqua-pro.ae/
• RO Brine Reclaim
Outline of Topics
I. RO
– Fundamentals of RO
– RO Selection and Design Criteria
– How to size a RO
II. Benefits of Using RO
– Energy Savings
• Research from DOE (Dept of Energy)
– Other Benefits
– RO for BFW
• Water Savings
• Chemical Savings
http://aqua-pro.ae/
• RO Brine Reclaim
Reverse Osmosis
Semipermiable
Membrane
Outline of Topics
I. RO
– Fundamentals of RO
– RO Selection and Design Criteria
– How to size a RO
II. Benefits of Using RO
– Energy Savings
• Research from DOE (Dept of Energy)
– Other Benefits
– RO for BFW
• Water Savings
• Chemical Savings
http://aqua-pro.ae/
• RO Brine Reclaim
Reverse Osmosis
Semipermiable
Membrane
Outline of Topics
I. RO
– Fundamentals of RO
– RO Selection and Design Criteria
– How to size a RO
II. Benefits of Using RO
– Energy Savings
• Research from DOE (Dept of Energy)
– Other Benefits
– RO for BFW
• Water Savings
• Chemical Savings
http://aqua-pro.ae/
• RO Brine Reclaim
Reverse Osmosis
Semipermiable
Membrane
Outline of Topics
I. RO
– Fundamentals of RO
– RO Selection and Design Criteria
– How to size a RO
II. Benefits of Using RO
– Energy Savings
• Research from DOE (Dept of Energy)
– Other Benefits
– RO for BFW
• Water Savings
• Chemical Savings
http://aqua-pro.ae/
• RO Brine Reclaim
Reverse Osmosis
Semipermiable
Membrane
I. RO
– Fundamentals of RO
– RO Selection and Design Criteria
– How to size a RO
II. Benefits of Using RO
– Energy Savings
• Research from DOE (Dept of Energy)
– Other Benefits
– RO for BFW
• Water Savings
• Chemical Savings
http://aqua-pro.ae/
• RO Brine Reclaim
An Osmotic Cell
Semi-permeable
Membrane Vessel
walls
Less More
concentrated concentrated
solution solution
Seal
Outline of Topics
I. RO
– Fundamentals of RO
– RO Selection and Design Criteria
– How to size a RO
II. Benefits of Using RO
– Energy Savings
• Research from DOE (Dept of Energy)
– Other Benefits
– RO for BFW
• Water Savings
• Chemical Savings
http://aqua-pro.ae/
• RO Brine Reclaim
Reverse Osmosis
Applied Driving
Pressure Pressure
Osmotic
Pressure
Outline of Topics
I. RO
– Fundamentals of RO
– RO Selection and Design Criteria
– How to size a RO
II. Benefits of Using RO
– Energy Savings
• Research from DOE (Dept of Energy)
– Other Benefits
– RO for BFW
• Water Savings
• Chemical Savings
http://aqua-pro.ae/
• RO Brine Reclaim
Outline of Topics
I. RO
– Fundamentals of RO
– RO Selection and Design Criteria
– How to size a RO
II. Benefits of Using RO
– Energy Savings
• Research from DOE (Dept of Energy)
– Other Benefits
– RO for BFW
• Water Savings
• Chemical Savings
http://aqua-pro.ae/
• RO Brine Reclaim
General RO System Design
FOR EXAMPLE, A SINGLE 4” MEMBRANE SYSTEM
BY ADDING RECYCLE, THE RECOVERY WILL INCREASE BUT PRODUCT TDS WILL ALSO GO UP
2 GPM
667 PPM RECYCLE
2 GPM
RAW FEED 4 GPM
3 GPM FEED CONCENTRATE 667 PPM
500 PPM 5 GPM
566
500PPM
PPM
PERMEATE
1 GPM
RECOVERY = 12
10PPM
PPM
REJECTION =
PERM FLOW x 100 = 20%
33% PERM TDS
FEED FLOW (1- FEED TDS ) x 100 = 98%
Outline of Topics
I. RO
– Fundamentals of RO
– RO Selection and Design Criteria
– How to size a RO
II. Benefits of Using RO
– Energy Savings
• Research from DOE (Dept of Energy)
– Other Benefits
– RO for BFW
• Water Savings
• Chemical Savings
http://aqua-pro.ae/
• RO Brine Reclaim
General RO System Design
7
5 GPM
6 GPM 6
4 GPM
5 GPM 5
4 GPM
GPM 4 GPM
FEED CONC
PERMEATE
1 GPM 1 GPM 1 GPM
2 GPM 3 GPM
RECOVERY =
PERM FLOW x 100 = 43
33
20%
%%
FEED FLOW
Outline of Topics
I. RO
– Fundamentals of RO
– RO Selection and Design Criteria
– How to size a RO
II. Benefits of Using RO
– Energy Savings
• Research from DOE (Dept of Energy)
– Other Benefits
– RO for BFW
• Water Savings
• Chemical Savings
http://aqua-pro.ae/
• RO Brine Reclaim
RO Selection and System Design
I. RO
– Fundamentals of RO
– RO Selection and Design Criteria
– How to size a RO
II. Benefits of Using RO
– Energy Savings
• Research from DOE (Dept of Energy)
– Other Benefits
– RO for BFW
• Water Savings
• Chemical Savings
http://aqua-pro.ae/
• RO Brine Reclaim
Pretreatment
I. RO
– Fundamentals of RO
– RO Selection and Design Criteria
– How to size a RO
II. Benefits of Using RO
– Energy Savings
• Research from DOE (Dept of Energy)
– Other Benefits
– RO for BFW
• Water Savings
• Chemical Savings
http://aqua-pro.ae/
• RO Brine Reclaim
Pretreatment
I. RO
– Fundamentals of RO
– RO Selection and Design Criteria
– How to size a RO
II. Benefits of Using RO
– Energy Savings
• Research from DOE (Dept of Energy)
– Other Benefits
– RO for BFW
• Water Savings
• Chemical Savings
http://aqua-pro.ae/
• RO Brine Reclaim
Factors to Consider When Sizing RO
Temperature
Pressure
I. RO
– Fundamentals of RO
– RO Selection and Design Criteria
– How to size a RO
II. Benefits of Using RO
– Energy Savings
• Research from DOE (Dept of Energy)
– Other Benefits
– RO for BFW
• Water Savings
• Chemical Savings
http://aqua-pro.ae/
• RO Brine Reclaim
R.O. Performance Factors
Rejection
Temperature
At lower temperatures,
the water is denser,
requiring more
pressure to ‘push’ it
through the membrane Output
Outline of Topics
I. RO
– Fundamentals of RO
– RO Selection and Design Criteria
– How to size a RO
II. Benefits of Using RO
– Energy Savings
• Research from DOE (Dept of Energy)
– Other Benefits
– RO for BFW
• Water Savings
• Chemical Savings
http://aqua-pro.ae/
• RO Brine Reclaim
R.O. Performance Factors
Pressure Rejection
Higher pressure
increases the quality
and quantity of
product water Output
Outline of Topics
I. RO
– Fundamentals of RO
– RO Selection and Design Criteria
– How to size a RO
II. Benefits of Using RO
– Energy Savings
• Research from DOE (Dept of Energy)
– Other Benefits
– RO for BFW
• Water Savings
• Chemical Savings
http://aqua-pro.ae/
• RO Brine Reclaim
R.O. Performance Factors
TDS
Higher TDS (total Rejection
dissolved solids)
raises the natural
‘osmotic’ pressure,
which increases the Output
water’s tendency to
reverse it’s flow
across the membrane
Outline of Topics
I. RO
– Fundamentals of RO
– RO Selection and Design Criteria
– How to size a RO
II. Benefits of Using RO
– Energy Savings
• Research from DOE (Dept of Energy)
– Other Benefits
– RO for BFW
• Water Savings
• Chemical Savings
http://aqua-pro.ae/
• RO Brine Reclaim
Benefits of Using RO
I. RO
– Fundamentals of RO
– RO Selection and Design Criteria
– How to size a RO
II. Benefits of Using RO
– Energy Savings
• Research from DOE (Dept of Energy)
– Other Benefits
– RO for BFW
• Water Savings
• Chemical Savings
http://aqua-pro.ae/
• RO Brine Reclaim
Case Study By Department of Energy
52
Outline of Topics
I. RO
– Fundamentals of RO
– RO Selection and Design Criteria
– How to size a RO
II. Benefits of Using RO
– Energy Savings
• Research from DOE (Dept of Energy)
– Other Benefits
– RO for BFW
• Water Savings
• Chemical Savings
http://aqua-pro.ae/
• RO Brine Reclaim
RO Boiler Savings
Outline of Topics
I. RO
– Fundamentals of RO
– RO Selection and Design Criteria
– How to size a RO
II. Benefits of Using RO
– Energy Savings
• Research from DOE (Dept of Energy)
– Other Benefits
– RO for BFW
• Water Savings
• Chemical Savings
http://aqua-pro.ae/
• RO Brine Reclaim
Typical Boiler PFD
Plant Load
Condensate
Q
Steam Rate
DA Vent Steam
Make Up Loss
Sodium Zeolite
Softeners
Deareator
Blowdown
Outline of Topics
I. RO
– Fundamentals of RO
– RO Selection and Design Criteria
– How to size a RO
II. Benefits of Using RO
– Energy Savings
• Research from DOE (Dept of Energy)
– Other Benefits
– RO for BFW
• Water Savings
• Chemical Savings
http://aqua-pro.ae/
• RO Brine Reclaim
Cycles of Concentration - COC
2 cycles of
concentration
100
200TDS
TDS
Outline of Topics
I. RO
– Fundamentals of RO
– RO Selection and Design Criteria
– How to size a RO
II. Benefits of Using RO
– Energy Savings
• Research from DOE (Dept of Energy)
– Other Benefits
– RO for BFW
• Water Savings
• Chemical Savings
http://aqua-pro.ae/
• RO Brine Reclaim
Calculating % Blowdown
% Blowdown = 1 X100
______________
Feedwater Cycles
I. RO
– Fundamentals of RO
– RO Selection and Design Criteria
– How to size a RO
II. Benefits of Using RO
– Energy Savings
• Research from DOE (Dept of Energy)
– Other Benefits
– RO for BFW
• Water Savings
• Chemical Savings
http://aqua-pro.ae/
• RO Brine Reclaim
Effects of Concentration on Chemical Feed Rate
?
Require a
50ppm of
Deareator residual in
the boiler
Feedwater Plant Boiler(s)
Blowdown
Make Up
I. RO
– Fundamentals of RO
– RO Selection and Design Criteria
– How to size a RO
II. Benefits of Using RO
– Energy Savings
• Research from DOE (Dept of Energy)
– Other Benefits
– RO for BFW
• Water Savings
• Chemical Savings
http://aqua-pro.ae/
• RO Brine Reclaim
Boiler ASME Limits
TDS max
(ppm) 700-3500 600-3000 500-2500 200-1000
TSS Max 15 10 8 3
(ppm)
Conductivity
1100-5400 900-4600 800-3800 300-1500
(µmho/cm)
I. RO
– Fundamentals of RO
– RO Selection and Design Criteria
– How to size a RO
II. Benefits of Using RO
– Energy Savings
• Research from DOE (Dept of Energy)
– Other Benefits
– RO for BFW
• Water Savings
• Chemical Savings
http://aqua-pro.ae/
• RO Brine Reclaim
Typical Water Analysis
Municipal Softened RO
pH 8 8 6.10
in PPM as CaCO3
Outline of Topics
I. RO
– Fundamentals of RO
– RO Selection and Design Criteria
– How to size a RO
II. Benefits of Using RO
– Energy Savings
• Research from DOE (Dept of Energy)
– Other Benefits
– RO for BFW
• Water Savings
• Chemical Savings
http://aqua-pro.ae/
• RO Brine Reclaim
RO added to Process Flow Diagram
Plant Load
Q
Condensate
DA Vent Steam
Reverse Loss
Make Up
Osmosis
Deareator
RO Reject
I. RO
– Fundamentals of RO
– RO Selection and Design Criteria
– How to size a RO
II. Benefits of Using RO
– Energy Savings
• Research from DOE (Dept of Energy)
– Other Benefits
– RO for BFW
• Water Savings
• Chemical Savings
http://aqua-pro.ae/
• RO Brine Reclaim
Other Benefits
Possible improved steam quality
– Lower operating boiler alkalinity
– Lower operating boiler TDS
I. RO
– Fundamentals of RO
– RO Selection and Design Criteria
– How to size a RO
II. Benefits of Using RO
– Energy Savings
• Research from DOE (Dept of Energy)
– Other Benefits
– RO for BFW
• Water Savings
• Chemical Savings
http://aqua-pro.ae/
• RO Brine Reclaim
Potential Objections
RO water is corrosive won’t it hurt my boiler ?
I. RO
– Fundamentals of RO
– RO Selection and Design Criteria
– How to size a RO
II. Benefits of Using RO
– Energy Savings
• Research from DOE (Dept of Energy)
– Other Benefits
– RO for BFW
• Water Savings
• Chemical Savings
http://aqua-pro.ae/
• RO Brine Reclaim
Case Study: Pet Food Manufacturer
I. RO
– Fundamentals of RO
– RO Selection and Design Criteria
– How to size a RO
II. Benefits of Using RO
– Energy Savings
• Research from DOE (Dept of Energy)
– Other Benefits
– RO for BFW
• Water Savings
• Chemical Savings
http://aqua-pro.ae/
• RO Brine Reclaim
Minimum Conditions for Justifications
I. RO
– Fundamentals of RO
– RO Selection and Design Criteria
– How to size a RO
II. Benefits of Using RO
– Energy Savings
• Research from DOE (Dept of Energy)
– Other Benefits
– RO for BFW
• Water Savings
• Chemical Savings
http://aqua-pro.ae/
• RO Brine Reclaim
Georgia Pacific Case Study
78
Outline of Topics
I. RO
– Fundamentals of RO
– RO Selection and Design Criteria
– How to size a RO
II. Benefits of Using RO
– Energy Savings
• Research from DOE (Dept of Energy)
– Other Benefits
– RO for BFW
• Water Savings
• Chemical Savings
http://aqua-pro.ae/
• RO Brine Reclaim
RO Brine Reclaim
RO Brine Reclaim
Outline of Topics
I. RO
– Fundamentals of RO
– RO Selection and Design Criteria
– How to size a RO
II. Benefits of Using RO
– Energy Savings
• Research from DOE (Dept of Energy)
– Other Benefits
– RO for BFW
• Water Savings
• Chemical Savings
http://aqua-pro.ae/
• RO Brine Reclaim
PFD Brine Reclaim Example
Chemical
Feed
Existing RO Units
Inlet 176
Supply GPM Product
Tank 132 GPM
Boiler
Make Up
22 GPM Reject to Storage
Drain
Saved 11,500,000 gallons /yr of city water
Boiler Blowdown reduced from 25% to 2%
Netting: $61,000 per year in energy savings
50% Boiler Chemical savings
82
Outline of Topics
I. RO
– Fundamentals of RO
– RO Selection and Design Criteria
– How to size a RO
II. Benefits of Using RO
– Energy Savings
• Research from DOE (Dept of Energy)
– Other Benefits
– RO for BFW
• Water Savings
• Chemical Savings
http://aqua-pro.ae/
• RO Brine Reclaim
Culligan Background
Culligan International
I. RO
– Fundamentals of RO
– RO Selection and Design Criteria
– How to size a RO
II. Benefits of Using RO
– Energy Savings
• Research from DOE (Dept of Energy)
– Other Benefits
– RO for BFW
• Water Savings
• Chemical Savings
http://aqua-pro.ae/
• RO Brine Reclaim
Culligan International Overview
US and Worldwide Support and Expertise
Over 1400 dealerships around the
world - local service and support
86
Outline of Topics
I. RO
– Fundamentals of RO
– RO Selection and Design Criteria
– How to size a RO
II. Benefits of Using RO
– Energy Savings
• Research from DOE (Dept of Energy)
– Other Benefits
– RO for BFW
• Water Savings
• Chemical Savings
http://aqua-pro.ae/
• RO Brine Reclaim
Picture this from the 167th floor of
the Burge Dubai…….where Culligan works..
Etisalet - RO
Monarch –
Food service
Emirates
Towers -
Shangri
La Hotel
Index - Service
Dusit – Hotel
88
Outline of Topics
I. RO
– Fundamentals of RO
– RO Selection and Design Criteria
– How to size a RO
II. Benefits of Using RO
– Energy Savings
• Research from DOE (Dept of Energy)
– Other Benefits
– RO for BFW
• Water Savings
• Chemical Savings
http://aqua-pro.ae/
• RO Brine Reclaim
Culligan’s Matrix Solutions Concept
90
Outline of Topics
I. RO
– Fundamentals of RO
– RO Selection and Design Criteria
– How to size a RO
II. Benefits of Using RO
– Energy Savings
• Research from DOE (Dept of Energy)
– Other Benefits
– RO for BFW
• Water Savings
• Chemical Savings
http://aqua-pro.ae/
• RO Brine Reclaim
Industrial Solutions:
Capabilities and Resources
Process Development & Project Management & Engineering, Design &
Application Controls Procurement
92
Outline of Topics
I. RO
– Fundamentals of RO
– RO Selection and Design Criteria
– How to size a RO
II. Benefits of Using RO
– Energy Savings
• Research from DOE (Dept of Energy)
– Other Benefits
– RO for BFW
• Water Savings
• Chemical Savings
http://aqua-pro.ae/
• RO Brine Reclaim
Hall’s Water Group Overview
I. RO
– Fundamentals of RO
– RO Selection and Design Criteria
– How to size a RO
II. Benefits of Using RO
– Energy Savings
• Research from DOE (Dept of Energy)
– Other Benefits
– RO for BFW
• Water Savings
• Chemical Savings
http://aqua-pro.ae/
• RO Brine Reclaim
Q&A
???
Outline of Topics
I. RO
– Fundamentals of RO
– RO Selection and Design Criteria
– How to size a RO
II. Benefits of Using RO
– Energy Savings
• Research from DOE (Dept of Energy)
– Other Benefits
– RO for BFW
• Water Savings
• Chemical Savings
http://aqua-pro.ae/
• RO Brine Reclaim